| 1. |
- Davey, Gareth, et al.
(författare)
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Beliefs about smoking cigarettes among adolescents in Yunnan Province, China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 28:4, s. 636-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Adolescence is an important time period in smoking experimentation and initiation. This study examined heterogeneity in key beliefs about smoking intention among Chinese adolescents.Methods: Survey data came from 951 students (18 and 19 years) in two high schools in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. The survey questions assessed smoking beliefs and perceptions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Regression and latent class analysis were utilized to identify key beliefs (i.e., beliefs that are most influential in smoking intention) and their heterogeneity.Results: Emotion-related beliefs were reported by both genders, highlighting the role of anxiety and stress in smoking intention. Female and male adolescents had different sets of key beliefs. There were distinct subgroups of beliefs in the sample (two among female adolescents, and three among male adolescents) characterized by disparate patterns of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs and smoking status.Conclusions: Considerable heterogeneity in belief profiles, which differs based on gender and smoking status, furnishes a more complete understanding of smoking intention among Chinese adolescents. Gender-specific anti-smoking interventions can be targeted to the beliefs of specific subgroups of adolescents. Stress management for students could also be a useful tool to prevent smoking uptake.
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| 2. |
- Hosseinkhani, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of alcohol consumption in most at-risk groups in Iran : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 28:2, s. 135-142
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Many studies have assessed the prevalence of alcohol consumption in Iran. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of alcohol consumption in different groups. Material and Methods: We searched international and databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and we searched two main Farsi-language index databases including Scientific Information Database (SID) and the Irandoc. Grey literature search was also performed in Google Scholar, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses without time limit until June 2020. All studies that reported the prevalence of alcohol consumption among Iranians were included in current study. Results: From 9,038 screened studies, 109 studies with 925,480 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption was estimated 24% (95% CI: 18.0–31.0), 12% (95%CI: 10.0–14.0), 14% (95%CI: 13.0–15.0), 19% (95%CI: 13.0–26.0), 15% (95%CI: 3.0–28.0) among prisoners, general population, students, drivers, and street children, respectively. Conclusion: This systematic review indicated higher prevalence of alcohol consumption in prisoners, drivers, and street children than the general population and other subgroups. The distribution of the alcohol prevalence studies in different groups and provinces were heterogeneous. The lack of studies among some groups and in regions warrants further, attention.
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| 3. |
- O'Donnell, Renee, et al.
(författare)
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Disparities in definitions of drinker type and related harms : self-identified and researcher-defined drinker type and alcohol-related consequences
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 27:5, s. 475-481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES This study aimed to measure the extent to which risky drinkers identify themselves as a heavy/binge drinker and to examine if risky drinkers who identify themselves as a heavy/binge drinker experience less negative drinking-related consequences than those who do not classify themselves as a heavy/binge drinker.METHODS Participants, who met our criterion for heavy and/or binge drinking, were asked about their drinking patterns and to describe themselves as a non-, ex-, occasional, light, social, heavy or binge drinker. Self-identified and researcher-defined (based on participants' past 12 months consumption) drinker types were compared among 4,562 participants (74% males, mean age of 43.4).RESULTS Over half of the researcher-defined binge and heavy drinkers classified themselves as social drinkers. Researcher-defined binge and heavy drinkers who classified themselves accurately experienced more drinking-related harms than those who classified themselves as a social drinker.CONCLUSIONS This study found that rather than using consumption-based definitions, drinkers may classify their drinking based on harms experienced, rather than their risk of harm. Health promotion campaigns aiming to prevent harms in risky drinkers should be aware that drinkers who would be considered at risk may not see themselves that way until they have experienced harm from their drinking.
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| 4. |
- Pistone, Isabella, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic mapping of substance use, misuse, abuse and addiction prevention research: Current status and implications for future research
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Substance Use. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1465-9891 .- 1475-9942. ; 25:3, s. 231-237
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Since the turn of the millennium, research within the field of substance-related problems has grown rapidly. This paper maps the effectiveness of existing research on substance use, misuse, abuse, and addiction prevention. Method: In this systematic mapping review, we searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO using multiple terms related to substance use, misuse, abuse, and addiction prevention to assess systematic reviews evaluating prevention interventions. All records were assessed by two independent reviewers. Information about population, substances targeted, and effectiveness were extracted for each of the included reviews. The evaluated interventions were categorized into 12 types of interventions. Result: For the 532 reviews mapped, we found 12 types of interventions dividedinto two major categories: individual-focused interventions (n = 451) and population-based interventions (n = 111). For each intervention category, many reviews showed positive effects for technology-based interven- tions, multimodal interventions, and drink-driving interventions. The mapping also highlights areas, including physical activity and interventions in specific arenas, where the reviews present very incon- sistent results. Conclusions: The findings presented in this review serve as a guide of existing research that can be used to inform practitioners and policy makers about interventions conducted as well as highlighting important areas for future research.
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