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| 2. |
- Axmon, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Birth weight and fetal growth in infants born to female hairdressers and their sisters.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 66, s. 198-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate birth weight and fetal growth in female hairdressers, while controlling for intergenerational effects and effects related to childhood exposures. METHODS: A cohort of women who had attended vocational schools for hairdressers were compared to their sisters with respect to birth weight and fetal growth (measured as small or large for gestational age, SGA and LGA, respectively) in their infants. In total, 6223 infants born to 3137 hairdressers and 8388 infants born to 3952 hairdresser's sisters were studied. RESULTS: Among the infants born to the hairdresser's sisters, the distribution of birth weights were wider than that among the infants born to the hairdressers. This was also reflected in that hairdresser cohort affiliation tended to be protective against both SGA (odds ratio 0.80; 95% confidence interval 0.49-1.31) and LGA (0.77; 0.54-1.09). For LGA, this effect was even more pronounced among women who had actually worked as a hairdresser during at least one pregnancy (0.60; 0.39-0.92). The infants born to these women also had a significantly lower mean birth weight (3387 g vs 3419 g; p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study suggest that infants born to hairdressers have a decreased risk of being LGA. This is most likely not caused by a shift in birth weight distribution or abnormal glucose metabolism.
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| 3. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental exposure to wood smoke: effects on airway inflammation and oxidative stress.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 65:5, s. 319-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Particulate air pollution affects cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and mortality. A main hypothesis about the mechanisms involved is that particles induce inflammation in lower airways, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether short-term exposure to wood smoke in healthy subjects affects markers of pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS: 13 subjects were exposed first to clean air and then to wood smoke in a chamber during 4-hour sessions, 1 week apart. The mass concentrations of fine particles at wood smoke exposure were 240-280 mug/m(3), and number concentrations were 95 000-180 000/cm(3), about half of the particles being ultrafine (<100 nm). Blood and breath samples were taken before and at various intervals after exposure to wood smoke and clean air and examined for exhaled nitric oxide and Clara cell protein in serum and urine, and malondialdehyde in exhaled breath condensate. RESULTS: Exposure to wood smoke increased alveolar nitric oxide 3 hours post-exposure while malondialdehyde levels in breath condensate were higher both immediately after and 20 hours after exposure. Serum Clara cell protein was increased 20 hours after exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Wood smoke at levels that can be found in smoky indoor environments caused an inflammatory response and signs of increased oxidative stress in the respiratory tract, especially in the lower airways.
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| 7. |
- Björ, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Fifty-year-follow-up of mortality among a cohort of iron-ore miners in Sweden, with specific reference to myocardial infarction mortality
- 2009
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 66:4, s. 264-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study investigates both general mortality and mortality from myocardial infarction among men employed in iron-ore mines in Sweden.Methods: The mortality of employees (surface and underground workers) at the iron-ore mines in Malmberget and Kiruna, Sweden was investigated. The study cohort comprised men who had been employed for at least 1 year between 1923 and 1996. The causes of death were obtained from the national cause of death register from 1952 to 2001. Indirect standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated for four main causes. Mortality specifically from myocardial infarction was also analysed.Results: 4504 deaths in the cohort gave an SMR for total mortality of 1.05 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.09). Mortality was significantly higher for lung cancer (SMR 1.73, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.97). There was an increased risk of injuries and poisonings (SMR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.46) and respiratory diseases (SMR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.28). There were 1477 cases of myocardial infarction, resulting in an SMR of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.18). SMR was higher (1.35, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.50) for men aged ≤60 years than for those >60 years of age (1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.13).Conclusions: Mortality from myocardial infarction was higher than expected. There was also an increased risk of death from injuries and poisonings, lung cancer and respiratory diseases, as well as higher general mortality. Our findings support the results of previous studies that there is an association between working in the mining industry and adverse health outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Bluhm, GL, et al.
(författare)
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Road traffic noise and hypertension
- 2007
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; 64:2, s. 122-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Burdorf, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Asbestos exposure and differences in occurrence of peritoneal mesothelioma in the Netherlands and Sweden.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1470-7926 .- 1351-0711. ; :64, s. 839-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In several countries the incidence of peritoneal mesotheliomas among women closely mirrors the pattern among men. The aim was to investigate the role of asbestos exposure in the aetiology of peritoneal mesotheliomas in women and men. METHODS: All cases of peritoneal mesothelioma were selected from the Swedish and Netherlands Cancer Registers for the period 1989-2003. For both countries incidence rates were calculated, stratified by sex. A linear regression analysis was used to analyse the existence of a trend over time. RESULTS: Among men the incidence rate of peritoneal mesothelioma in The Netherlands (0.60 per 100,000 persons) was consistently higher than in Sweden with an average ratio of 1.8 (range 1.4-2.8). In both countries no trend over time was observed. During the 15 year period in The Netherlands the incidence rate among men was about 3.3-fold higher than among women. In Sweden the incidence rate among women was slightly higher than in men up to 1999, and thereafter about 3-fold higher among men. This sudden shift was statistically significant and seemed mainly caused by changes in classification of peritoneal tumours. CONCLUSION: The absence of a time trend in the incidence rate of peritoneal mesothelioma in the Netherlands and Sweden in the past 15 years may point at a more limited role of occupational exposure to asbestos in the etiology of peritoneal mesothelioma than for pleural mesothelioma, especially among women. The observed drop around 2000 in annual incidence of peritoneal mesothelioma among Swedish women indicates the presence in the past of a substantial misclassification with other tumours in the peritoneum.
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