| 1. |
- Ahuja-Jensen, Poonam, et al.
(författare)
-
Low glutathione peroxidase in rdl mouse retina increases oxidative stress and proteases
- 2007
-
Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 18:8, s. 797-801
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and cysteine protease cathepsins at postnatal (PN) days 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 in controls (wt) and the retinal degeneration 1 (rd1) mouse model for retinitis pigmentosa retinas were measured to determine oxidative stress. In PN28 wt and PN2 rd1 retinas, elevated malondialdehyde and low glutathione peroxidase activity indicate higher oxidative load, despite higher reduced glutathione in PN2 rd1 retinas. This is due to physiological exposure to light and retinal vascular/neural restructuring, respectively. Compared with wt retinas, relatively high malondialdehyde at PN2 and cathepsin levels at PN14, 21 and 28 in rd1 retinas indicate that cells of the residual inner retina also contribute to the oxidative stress and retinal degeneration.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Extinction of conditioned blink responses by cerebello-olivary pathway stimulation
- 2007
-
Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 18:14, s. 1479-1482
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning of classically conditioned eyeblink responses depends on mechanisms within the cerebellum. It has been suggested that climbing fibres from the inferior olive transmit the unconditioned stimulus signal to the cerebellum. We have previously shown that the pathway from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the inferior olive inhibits olivary activity. It is known that repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus on its own leads to extinction of the conditioned response. If the unconditioned stimulus signal is transmitted to the cerebellum via the inferior olive - climbing fibre system then stimulation of the nucleo-olivary pathway just before the unconditioned stimulus in a trained animal should lead to extinction. The results from this investigation confirm this.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Björkman, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Recovery of nerve injury-induced alexia for Braille using forearm anaesthesia.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 19:6, s. 683-685
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nerve injuries in the upper extremity may severely affect hand function. Cutaneous forearm anaesthesia has been shown to improve hand sensation in nerve-injured patients. A blind man who lost his Braille reading capability after an axillary plexus injury was treated with temporary cutaneous forearm anaesthesia. After treatment sensory functions of the hand improved and the patient regained his Braille reading capability. The mechanism behind the improvement is likely unmasking of inhibited or silent neurons, but after repeated treatment sessions at increasing intervals the improvement has remained at 1-year follow-up, implying a structural change in the somatosensory cortex.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bomberg, Eric M, et al.
(författare)
-
Central ghrelin induces feeding driven by energy needs not by reward
- 2007
-
Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 18:6, s. 591-595
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Centrally administered ghrelin, the endogenous agonist of the growth hormone secretegogue receptor, powerfully stimulates food intake. Although the orexigenic action of this peptide has been well established, it remains unclear whether ghrelin-induced hyperphagia is driven by energy needs or by reward. In our study ghrelin was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle or the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rats given a choice between a palatable yet calorie-dilute sucrose solution and a calorically dense chow. As a result of intraventricular and hypothalamic paraventricular ghrelin injections, animals increased intake of chow but not sucrose. When the sucrose solution was offered as the only source of calories, rats treated with ghrelin infused in the ventricle and site-specifically increased sucrose consumption. These results suggest that the primary effect of ghrelin is to stimulate food intake to satisfy energy needs.
|
|
| 7. |
- Brännvall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Central nervous system stem/progenitor cells form neurons and peripheral glia after transplantation to the dorsal root ganglion.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 17:6, s. 623-628
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We asked whether neural stem/progenitor cells from the cerebral cortex of E14.5 enhanced green fluorescent protein transgenic mice are able to survive grafting and differentiate in the adult rat dorsal root ganglion. Neurospheres were placed in lumbar dorsal root ganglion cavities after removal of the dorsal root ganglia. Alternatively, dissociated neurospheres were injected into intact dorsal root ganglia. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive cells in the dorsal root ganglion cavity were located in clusters and expressed beta-III-tubulin or glial fibrillary acidic protein after 1 month, whereas after 3 months, surviving grafted cells expressed only glial fibrillary acidic protein. In the intact adult DRG, transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells surrounded dorsal root ganglion cells and fibers, and expressed glial but not neuronal markers. These findings show that central nervous system stem/progenitor cells can survive and differentiate into neurons and peripheral glia after xenotransplantation to the adult dorsal root ganglion.
|
|
| 8. |
- Brännvall, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental cues from CNS, PNS, and ENS cells regulate CNS progenitor differentiation
- 2008
-
Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 19:13, s. 1283-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular origin and environmental cues regulate stem cell fate determination. Neuroepithelial stem cells form the central nervous system (CNS), whereas neural crest stem cells generate the peripheral (PNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS). CNS neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) fate determination was investigated in combination with dissociated cultures or conditioned media from CNS, PNS, or ENS. Cells or media from ENS or PNS cultures efficiently promoted NSPC differentiation into neurons, glia, and smooth muscle cells with a similar morphology as the feeder culture. Together with CNS cells or its conditioned medium, NSPC differentiation was partly inhibited and cells remained immature. Here, we demonstrate that secreted factors from the environment can influence CNS progenitor cells to choose a PNS-like cell fate.
|
|
| 9. |
- Christensson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Ontogenesis of within-session locomotor habituation in the open field.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 16:12, s. 1319-1323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Habituation signifies a decreased response to a constant or repeated stimulus or environment. Although habituation is a fundamental form of nonassociative learning, little is known about its ontogenesis. Here, locomotor activity of postnatal ferrets within individual open field sessions was quantitatively analysed. The patterns of activity revealed a gradual shift across developmental time between relative increment and decrement of activity within sessions. The increment-to-decrement turning point was around postnatal day 48. These novel findings indicate that systematic changes in the interplay between mechanisms that drive exploratory behaviour and those that inhibit it shape the ontogenesis of open field habituation. The remarkable robustness of the data underscores the suitability of the ferret as an experimental animal for investigating ontogenesis of habituation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Dahlin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Nerve compression induces activating transcription factor 3 in neurons and Schwann cells in diabetic rats.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 19:9, s. 987-990
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of transcription factor ATF3 in sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion and in Schwann cells in sciatic nerve of diabetic (BB and Goto-Kakizaki rats; experimental models of types 1 and 2 diabetes, respectively) and healthy rats were examined by immunocytochemistry after nerve compression (silicone tube) for 3, 6 or 14 days. ATF3-stained sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia and Schwann cells at compression site were more frequent in diabetic BB rats. Decompression of nerves in Goto-Kakizaki rats did not reduce number of ATF3-stained cells. Diabetes (BB; i.e. type 1) confers on the peripheral nerve an increased susceptibility to nerve compression indicated by an increased expression of stained ATF3 neurons and Schwann cells.
|
|
