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| 2. |
- Björkman, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical changes in dental technicians exposed to vibrating tools.
- 2010
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 21, s. 722-726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the cortical reorganization after long time exposure to hand-held vibrating tools, we investigated 10 dental technicians with sensory neuropathy after long time exposure to vibrating tools and 10 controls for cortical changes using functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. The activated volumes corresponding to individual fingers in the hand area of S1 were significantly larger in the neuropathy group than in controls. Activation in the primary motor cortex did not differ significantly from controls. These changes are likely the result of cortical reorganization following long-term non-physiological sensory input and they can partly explain the symptoms seen in vibration-induced neuropathy.
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| 3. |
- Boisvert, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term monaural auditory deprivation and bilateral cochlear implants
- 2012
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 23:3, s. 195-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term binaural auditory deprivation is associated with poorer speech recognition outcomes after cochlear implantation, even for postlingual hearing loss. It is, however, unknown to what extent the outcomes of implantation are related to the peripheral changes occurring monaurally or to changes at a higher level in the auditory system related to binaural deafness. This retrospective study aimed to unravel peripheral and central contributions to cochlear implantation outcomes by comparing outcomes obtained in individual ears for adults with long-term monaural auditory deprivation (i.e. unilateral use of hearing aid) who received bilateral cochlear implants. Results showed that similar outcomes can be obtained with the implant placed in the auditory-deprived or in the aided ear. This suggests that the peripheral changes related to monaural auditory deprivation have little effect on outcomes of cochlear implantation. NeuroReport 23: 195-199
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| 4. |
- Chemnitz, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Poor electroneurography but excellent hand function 31 years after nerve repair in childhood.
- 2013
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 24:1, s. 6-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children, in contrast to adults, show an excellent clinical recovery after a peripheral nerve injury, which may be explained by better peripheral nerve regeneration and a superior plasticity in the young brain. Our aim was to study the long-term electrophysiological outcome after nerve repair in children and young adults and to compare it with the clinical outcome. Forty-four patients, injured at an age younger than 21 years, were assessed by electrophysiology (amplitude, conduction velocity and distal motor latency) at a median of 31 years after a complete median or ulnar nerve injury at the level of the forearm. Electrophysiological evaluation showed pathology in all parameters and in all patients, irrespective of age at injury. No significant differences were observed in the electrophysiological results between those injured in childhood, that is, before the age of 12 years, and those injured in adolescence, that is, between 12 and 20 years of age. In contrast, the clinical nerve function was significantly better for those injured in childhood (87% of complete recovery, P=0.002) compared with those injured in adolescence. We conclude that the mechanism behind the superior clinical outcome in children is not located at the periphery, but is explained by cerebral plasticity.
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| 5. |
- Evstigneeva, Maria D., et al.
(författare)
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Muscle contraction force and fatigue : Effects on mismatch negativity
- 2010
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 21:18, s. 1152-1156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle load can affect performance of concurrent cognitive task. This effect is often explained by limited resources in the voluntary attention system. To examine whether earlier stages of cognitive information processing might be affected, we recorded the Mismatch Negativity component (MMN) of the auditory event-related brain potential before, during and after sustained handgrip at 7% and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. MMN is an index of automatic detection of a deviating auditory event. MMN was not affected by force level. However, its amplitude at fronto-central sites decreased during the fatiguing 30% contraction, while it tended to increase during the light 7% work. Thus, muscle fatigue may affect auditory information processing at preattentive and preconscious stages, which could modify cognitive performance
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| 6. |
- Hameed, Mustafa Q, et al.
(författare)
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A rapid lateral fluid percussion injury rodent model of traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy
- 2014
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 25:7, s. 532-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy. Initially described in 1989, lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) has since become the most extensively used and well-characterized rodent traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy model. Universal findings, particularly seizures that reliably develop after an initial latent period, are evident across studies from multiple laboratories. However, the LFPI procedure is a two-stage process, requiring initial surgical attachment of a skull fluid cannula and then reanesthesia for delivery of the epidural fluid pressure wave. We now describe a modification of the original technique, termed 'rapid lateral fluid percussion injury' (rLFPI), which allows for a one-stage procedure and thus shorter operating time and reduced anesthesia exposure. Anesthetized male Long-Evans rats were subjected to rLFPI through a length of plastic tubing fitted with a pipette tip cannula with a 4-mm aperture. The cannula opening was positioned over a craniectomy of slightly smaller diameter and exposed dura such that the edges of the cannula fit tightly when pressed to the skull with a micromanipulator. Fluid percussion was then delivered immediately thereafter, in the same surgery session. rLFPI resulted in nonlethal focal cortical injury in all animals. We previously demonstrated that the rLFPI procedure resulted in post-traumatic seizures and regional gliosis, but had not examined other histopathologic elements. Now, we show apoptotic cell death confined to the perilesional cortex and chronic pathologic changes such as ipsilesional ventriculomegaly that are seen in the classic model. We conclude that the rLFPI method is a viable alternative to classic LFPI, and - being a one-stage procedure - has the advantage of shorter experiment turnaround and reduced exposure to anesthetics.
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| 7. |
- Jaderstad, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxic preconditioning increases gap-junctional graft and host communication
- 2010
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 21:17, s. 1126-1132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gap-junctional intercellular communication between grafted neural stem cells (NSCs) and host cells seems to be essential for many of the functional and beneficial interactions after NSC engraftment. Gap-junctional communication is also known to increase in the central nervous system after hypoxia and ischemia. We therefore hypothesized that controlled hypoxic preconditioning of murine NSCs (C17.2) before the engraftment is a reliable method to increase connexin 43 expression and improve subsequent graft and host communication. Data indicated that 3-h exposure to hypoxia increased the number of connexin 43 aggregates in treated NSCs by 31%. This was paralleled by enhanced hemichannel function showed by faster calcein dye efflux and an augmentation of the early functional graft and host communication.
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| 8. |
- Marklund, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Mismatch negativity at Fz in response to within-category changes of the vowel /i
- 2014
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 0959-4965 .- 1473-558X. ; 25:10, s. 756-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amplitude of the mismatch negativity response for acoustic within-category deviations in speech stimuli was investigated by presenting participants with different exemplars of the vowel /i/ in an odd-ball paradigm. The deviants differed from the standard either in terms of fundamental frequency, the first formant, or the second formant. Changes in fundamental frequency are generally more salient than changes in the first formant, which in turn are more salient than changes in the second formant. The mismatch negativity response was expected to reflect this with greater amplitude for more salient deviations. The fundamental frequency deviants did indeed result in greater amplitude than both first formant deviants and second formant deviants, but no difference was found between the first formant deviants and the second formant deviants. It is concluded that greater difference between standard and within-category deviants across different acoustic dimensions results in greater mismatch negativity amplitude, suggesting that the processing of linguistically irrelevant changes in speech sounds may be processed similar to nonspeech sound changes.
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| 9. |
- Nelander Wahlestedt, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Human foetal brain tissue as quality control when developing stem cells towards cell replacement therapy for neurological diseases.
- 2013
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Ingår i: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 24:18, s. 1025-1030
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human foetal brain tissue has been used in experimental and clinical trials to develop cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. These pioneering clinical studies have shown proof of principle that cell replacement therapy can be effective and is worthwhile to develop as a therapeutic strategy for repairing the damaged brain. However, because of the limited availability of foetal brain material, and difficulties in producing standardized and quality-tested cell preparations from this source, there have been extensive efforts in investigating the potential use of alternative cell sources for generating a large number of transplantable, authentic neural progenitors and neurons. In this review, we highlight the value of using human foetal tissue as a reference material for quality control of acquired cell fate of in vitro generated neurons before and after transplantation.
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