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| 2. |
- Brea-Martinez, Gabriel
(författare)
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Materfamilias: the association of mother’s work on children’s absolute income mobility, Southern Sweden (1947–2015)
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 27:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the association of mothers’ income with children’s economic mobility in a period of increased women’s labor market participation in Sweden. I found that whether a mother was economically independent and had an income similar to that of the father during her children’s late childhood and adolescence positively associated with upward mobility. The results show a substantial association of mother’s income position to their daughters’ mobility, but not for sons’. Among the primary mechanisms, I argue that extra resources from mothers helped human capital investment through education and that mothers influenced daughters by a gendered role model.
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| 3. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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From Sweden to America: Migrant Selection in the Transatlantic Migration, 1890-1910
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 27:1, s. 24-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine selection by class origin and gender in the emigration from Sweden to the United States during the age of mass migration. We use full-count census data linked to emigration lists to create a panel of over one million men and women. Class selection was similar for men and women, with children from medium-skilled backgrounds being most likely to leave. Selection on class origin was most pronounced in poorer and less industrialized regions, but similar in rural and urban areas. These patterns suggest that not only returns to skill determined migrant selection but also class-specific costs of migration.
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| 4. |
- FitzGerald, John, et al.
(författare)
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Till Debt Do Us Part : Financial implications of the divorce of the Irish Free State from the United Kingdom, 1922–1926
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 24:4, s. 818-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we discuss the apportionment of national debt when Ireland exited the UK in 1922. We estimate that the claim on Ireland amounted to 80 percent of Irish Gross National Product (G.N.P.) and describe how it was ultimately waived at the expense of an unchanged land border with Northern Ireland. While this represents the largest debt relief episode in the twentieth century, the political cost of the agreement exceeded the financial gain in the long run. We find that domestic markets reacted more to political uncertainty than the pending liability, despite the financial stability which resulted from the debt write-down.
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| 5. |
- Galli, Stefania, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Colonialism and rural inequality in Sierra Leone: an egalitarian experiment
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1361-4916 .- 1474-0044. ; 24:3, s. 468-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the level of inequality in rural Sierra Leone in the early colonial period. Previous research has suggested that the colony was established under highly egalitarian ideals. We examine whether these ideals also are reflected in the real distribution of wealth in the colony. We employ a newly assembled dataset extracted from census data in the colony in 1831. The results show that rural Sierra Leone exhibited one of the most equal distributions of wealth so far estimated for any preindustrial rural society
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| 6. |
- Gokmen, Gunes, et al.
(författare)
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Career incentives in political hierarchy: evidence from Imperial Russia
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 24:2, s. 264-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies political career incentives in a nondemocratic historical setting to assess early political institutions. We construct a novel panel database of governors of Imperial Russia in 91 provinces between 1895 and 1914. Measuring an imperial governor’s performance by his ability of peacekeeping, we test whether the central authorities in the Russian Empire resorted to career incentives to improve the performance of provincial governors. We find that the central administration promoted better performing governors only in the peripheral provinces (oblasts), but not in the main ones (gubernias). In addition, we show that political connections had no significant effect on career prospects.
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| 7. |
- Gwaindepi, Abel
(författare)
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Fiscal capacity in ‘responsible government’ colonies: the Cape Colony in comparative perspective, 1865-1910
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1474-0044 .- 1361-4916. ; 26:3, s. 340-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study contributes to debates on the efficacy of institutions in settler colonies by comparing the Cape Colony’s fiscal path to the experiences of Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. I find that the Cape’s fiscal trajectory was divergent. Agricultural and mining taxes were important surrogates of income taxes in other colonies, but the Cape’s narrow interests pushed for insulation from direct taxes. This made the Cape’s fiscal path unsustainable with comparatively low per capita taxes, high deficits, and the highest level of indebtedness. I argue that the instrumentality of ‘‘responsible government” status was conditional on how imported self-government institutions were endogenized.
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| 8. |
- Henriques, Sofia Teives, et al.
(författare)
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Without coal in the age of steam and dams in the age of electricity : An explanation for the failure of Portugal to industrialize before the Second World War
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1361-4916 .- 1474-0044. ; 25:1, s. 85-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide a natural resource explanation for the divergence of the Portuguese economy relative to other European countries before the Second World War. First, we demonstrate that a lack of domestic resources meant that Portugal experienced limited and unbalanced growth during the age of steam. Imports of coal were prohibitively expensive for inland areas. Coastal areas industrialized through steam but were constrained by limited demand from the interior. Second, we show that after the First World War, when other coal-poor countries turned to hydro-power, Portugal relied on coal-based thermal-power, creating a vicious circle of high-energy prices and labor-intensive industrialization.
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| 9. |
- Kenny, Seán, et al.
(författare)
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The Highs and the Lows: Bank failures in Sweden through inflation and deflation, 1914-1926
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press. - 1361-4916 .- 1474-0044. ; 27:2, s. 223-249
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper revisits the Swedish banking crisis (1919-26) that materialized as post war deflation replaced wartime inflation (1914-18). Inspired by Fisher’s ‘debt deflation theory’, we employ survival analysis to ‘predict’ which banks would fail, given certain ex-ante bank characteristics. Our tests support the theory; maturity structures mattered most in a regime of falling prices, with vulnerable shorter-term customer loans and bank liabilities representing the most consistent cause of bank distress in the crisis. Similarly, stronger growth in i) leverage, ii) weaker collateral loans and iii) foreign borrowing during the boom were all associated with bank failure in post- war Sweden (1919-26).
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| 10. |
- Lantz, Gunnar, 1984-
(författare)
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Letting the masses pay for the welfare state : Tax regressivity in postwar Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Review of Economic History. - : Oxford University Press. - 1361-4916 .- 1474-0044. ; 25:1, s. 160-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mixed economy of the twentieth century shows conflicting developments in tax collection. Progressive taxes to limit top incomes are not the whole story. An examination of Sweden 1958–2012 shows that the progressivity of direct taxes was offset by consumption taxes and social security contributions. Previous studies conclude that tax progressivity peaked in the 1980s. This study shows instead how Swedish taxation became regressive in that period. The literature on welfare regimes and redistributive universalism relies empirically on conditions in the 1980s. Sweden did exhibit universalism in social spending but also a corresponding universalism in revenue collection.
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