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- Lawrence, DW, et al.
(författare)
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Attacks intended to block access to information
- 2008
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Ingår i: Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1475-5785. ; 14:2, s. 78-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Nilsen, Per
(författare)
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The theory of community based health and safety programs: a critical examination.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 12:3, s. 140-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the theoretical underpinning of the community based approach to health and safety programs. Drawing upon the literature, a theory is constructed by elucidating assumptions of community based programs. The theory is then put to test by analyzing the extent to which the assumptions are supported by empirical evidence and the extent to which the assumptions have been applied in community based injury prevention practice. Seven principles representing key assumptions of the community based approach to health and safety programs are identified. The analysis suggests that some of the principles may have important shortcomings. Programs overwhelmingly define geographical or geopolitical units as communities, which is problematic considering that these entities can be heterogeneous and characterized by a weak sense of community. This may yield insufficient community mobilization and inadequate program reach. At the same time, none of the principles identified as most plausible appears to be widely or fully applied in program practice. The implication is that many community based health and safety programs do not function at an optimum level, which could explain some of the difficulties in demonstrating effectiveness seen with many of these programs.
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| 7. |
- Stone, D. H., et al.
(författare)
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Intentional injury mortality in the European Union : how many more lives could be saved?
- 2006
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 12:5, s. 327-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore the scope for reducing the number of intentional injury deaths, hypothesizing that all European Union (EU) countries are able to match the experience of the country with the lowest mortality rate for intentional injuries. DESIGN: Intentional injury mortality data for the three last available years and denominator population estimates were obtained from the World Health Organisation mortality database for the 22 EU countries with more than one million population. To estimate the potential saving of lives, the yearly average age adjusted injury mortality rates were calculated. This issue done for children (0-14), adults (15-64), and elderly people (65 and over), both including and excluding deaths from undetermined cause. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of lives that might potentially be saved if all EU member states matched the lowest intentional injury rate reported by an EU member state. RESULTS: Over 73% of all intentional injury deaths could have been avoided if all EU countries matched the country with the lowest intentional injury mortality rate. EU member states would have suffered about 600 fewer intentional injury deaths in children, about 40 000 fewer adult deaths, and over 14 000 fewer intentional injury deaths in the elderly. This amounts to over 55 000 lives in a single year. CONCLUSIONS: Many lives lost through injury might be saved if all countries were to achieve the lowest intentional injury mortality rates reported in the EU. How this theoretical observation might be translated into practice needs to be further explored as the international variation in intentional injury mortality rates in the EU results from a range of factors.
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