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- Dernevik, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Violent behaviour in forensic psychiatric patients: Risk assessment and different risk-management levels using the HCR-20
- 2002
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 8:1, s. 93-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a growing optimism regarding the accuracy of structured instruments for violence risk assessment in mentally disordered offenders, However, several issues pertaining to forensic assessments of risk remains unsolved, one of which is the relationship between risk assessment and risk management. In this paper we argued that research that evaluate efforts to assess risk must take into account the level of risk management in the sample. We attempted to illustrate this using prospective follow-up data on the frequency and type of inpatient violent behaviours and their relationship to risk management within the context of care. Risk assessments were made upon admission to hospital with the Historical-Clinical-Risk assessment (HCR-20, Webster et al., 1997) in 54 forensic patients followed through three different risk management conditions: High security risk management, medium risk management, and only risk monitoring (low). The results showed large differences in baserate and type of violence in the three management conditions. Results also suggested that the HCR-20 accurately assessed risk in medium and low security conditions, but not in the high security condition. We conclude that the findings reinforce rather than contraindicate the usefulness of the HCR-20 in for clinical practice.
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- Granhag, Pär-Anders, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The Cognitive Interview and its effect on witnesses' confidence
- 2004
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime & Law. - : Informa UK Limited. ; 10:1, s. 37-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today there is ample evidence that the Cognitive Interview (CI) enhances witnesses' memory. However, less is known about how the CI affects eyewitnesses' confidence. To address this shortcoming we conducted a study analyzing how realism in confidence was affected by the CI. All participants were first shown a filmed kidnapping. After 2 weeks we interviewed one-third of the participants according to the guidelines of the CI, one-third according to a Standard Interview (SI), and one-third were not interviewed at all (Control condition). Participants in all three conditions were then asked to answer 45 forced-choice questions, and to give a confidence judgment after each choice. For the questions, no differences in accuracy were found between the three conditions. Confidence was higher in the CI and SI conditions, compared with the Control condition. CI and SI did not differ in meta-cognitive realism but both showed lower realism compared with the Control condition, although only CI significantly so. The results indicate that the inflation in confidence is more likely to be explained in terms of a reiteration effect, than as a consequence of the particular mnemonics characterizing the CI (e.g. "mental reinstatement of context"). In sum, CI does not seem to impair (or improve) the realism in witnesses' confidence, and does not inflate confidence in erroneous recall, compared to a SI.
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- Strand, Susanne, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of HCR-20 scores in violent mentally disordered men and women : Gender differences and similarities
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Harwood Academic. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 7:1, s. 71-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retrospective risk assessments based on the HCR-20 violence risk assessment scheme were performed on 63 female patients and 85 male patients at two special forensic psychiatric hospitals. The aim was to compare risk factors for violence in mentally disordered women with their male counterparts, and to study to what extent the HCR-20, which is mainly based on research on men, can be used in a female forensic psychiatric population. The results show that the HCR-20 displays very similar risk factors for violence in women as in men, but the nature of violence is somewhat different between the sexes. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Deception among pairs: "Let's say we had lunch and hope they will swallow it!"
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2744 .- 1068-316X. ; 9:2, s. 109-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deception research has neglected the fact that legal-workers often have to try to detect deceit on the basis of statements derived from pairs of suspects, each having been interrogated repeatedly. To remedy this shortcoming we conducted a study where each member of 10 truth-telling pairs and 10 lying pairs was interrogated twice about an alibi. One hundred and twenty undergraduate students were enrolled as lie-catchers. The main findings were that (a) overall deception detection accuracy was modest; (b) lie-catchers given access to a large number of statements did not outperform lie-catchers given access to a lesser number of statements; (c) when asked to justify their veracity assessments the most frequently reported cue was 'consistency within pairs of suspects'; (d) all cues to deception were of low diagnostic value. Psycho-legal aspects of integrating sequential information in deception detection contexts are discussed.
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