| 1. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of number of siblings on adult mortality : Evidence from Swedish registers for cohorts born between 1938 and 1972
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 71:1, s. 43-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demographic research has paid much attention to the impact of childhood conditions on adult mortality. We focus on one of the key aspects of early life conditions, sibling group size, and examine the causal effect of growing up in a large family on mortality. While previous studies have focused on low- or middle-income countries, we examine whether growing up in a large family is a disadvantage in Sweden, a context where most parents have adequate resources, which are complemented by a generous welfare state. We used Swedish register data and frailty models, examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality between the ages of 40 and 74 for the 1938–72 cohorts, and also a quasi-experimental approach that exploited multiple births as a source of exogenous variation in the number of siblings. Overall our results do not indicate that growing up in a large family has a detrimental effect on longevity in Sweden.
|
|
| 2. |
- Barclay, Kieron, et al.
(författare)
-
Parental age and offspring mortality : Negative effects of reproductive ageing may be counterbalanced by secular increases in longevity
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 72:2, s. 157-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As parental ages at birth continue to rise, concerns about the effects of fertility postponement on offspring are increasing. Due to reproductive ageing, advanced parental ages have been associated with negative health outcomes for offspring, including decreased longevity. The literature, however, has neglected to examine the potential benefits of being born at a later date. Secular declines in mortality mean that later birth cohorts are living longer. We analyse mortality over ages 30-74 among 1.9 million Swedish men and women born 1938-60, and use a sibling comparison design that accounts for all time-invariant factors shared by the siblings. When incorporating cohort improvements in mortality, we find that those born to older mothers do not suffer any significant mortality disadvantage, and that those born to older fathers have lower mortality. These findings are likely to be explained by secular declines in mortality counterbalancing the negative effects of reproductive ageing.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Socio-economic status and fertility decline : Insights from historical transitions in Europe and North America
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-4747 .- 0032-4728. ; 71:1, s. 3-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The timings of historical fertility transitions in different regions are well understood by demographers, but much less is known regarding their specific features and causes. In the study reported in this paper, we used longitudinal micro-level data for five local populations in Europe and North America to analyse the relationship between socio-economic status and fertility during the fertility transition. Using comparable analytical models and class schemes for each population, we examined the changing socio-economic differences in marital fertility and related these to common theories on fertility behaviour. Our results do not provide support for the hypothesis of universally high fertility among the upper classes in pre-transitional society, but do support the idea that the upper classes acted as forerunners by reducing their fertility before other groups. Farmers and unskilled workers were the latest to start limiting their fertility. Apart from these similarities, patterns of class differences in fertility varied significantly between populations.
|
|
| 5. |
- Einiö, Elina, et al.
(författare)
-
Number of children and later-life mortality among Finns born 1938-50
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 70:2, s. 217-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the association between number of offspring and later-life mortality of Finnish men and women born 1938–50, and whether the association was explained by living conditions in own childhood and adulthood, chronic conditions, fertility timing, and unobserved characteristics common to siblings. We used a longitudinal 1950 census sample to estimate mortality at ages 50–72. Relative to parents of two children, all-cause mortality is highest among childless men and women, and elevated among those with one child, independently of observed confounders. Fixed-effect models, which control for unobserved characteristics shared by siblings, clearly support these findings among men. Cardiovascular mortality is higher among men with no, one, or at least four children than among those with two. Living conditions in adulthood contribute to the association between the number of children and mortality to a greater extent than childhood background, and chronic conditions contribute to the excess mortality of the childless.
|
|
| 6. |
- Elo, Irma T., et al.
(författare)
-
Children's educational attainment, occupation, and income and their parents' mortality
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 72:1, s. 53-73
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from Finland, this paper contributes to a small but growing body of research regarding adult children's education, occupation, and income and their parents' mortality at ages 50+ in 1970-2007. Higher levels of children's education are associated with 30-36 per cent lower parental mortality at ages 50-75, controlling for parents' education, occupation, and income. This association is fully mediated by children's occupation and income, except for cancer mortality. Having at least one child educated in healthcare is associated with 11-16 per cent lower all-cause mortality at ages 50-75, an association that is largely driven by mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Children's higher white-collar occupation and higher income is associated with 39-46 per cent lower mortality in the fully adjusted models. At ages 75+, these associations are much smaller overall and children's schooling remains more strongly associated with mortality than children's occupation or income.
|
|
| 7. |
- Finnas, Fjalar, et al.
(författare)
-
Divorce and parity progression following the death of a child : A register-based study from Finland
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 72:1, s. 41-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most studies that have examined whether a child's death influences parental relationship stability have used small-scale data sets and their results are inconclusive. A likely reason is that child loss affects not only the risk of parental separation, but also the risk of having another child. Hence parity progression and separation must be treated as two competing events in relation to child loss. The analysis in this paper used Finnish register data from 1971 to 2003, covering over 100,000 married couples whose durations of both first marriage and parenthood could be observed. We ran parity-specific Cox regressions in which process time started from the birth of each additional child. All marriages included women of childbearing age, none of whom had experienced any child death on entering the analysis. We find that child loss only modestly influences the divorce risk, whereas its effect on the risk of parity progression is considerable.
|
|
| 8. |
- Hoem, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
The dangers of using negative durations' to estimate pre- and post-migration fertility
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 70:3, s. 359-363
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To keep childbearing that occurs before and after migration separate from each other, many analysts apply a technique that uses negative durations' to estimate the childbearing risks that migrants have before they migrate. This strategy can lead to incorrect results and should be abandoned. In this research note, we use data for births and internal migration in Sweden to highlight how the two types of behaviour can be kept apart conceptually and analytically without use of negative durations'. The procedures used can easily be generalized to any similarly linked pair of behaviours.
|
|
| 9. |
- Jennings, Julia, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequality and demographic response to short-term economic stress in North Orkney, Scotland, 1855-1910 : Sector differences
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-4747 .- 0032-4728. ; 71:3, s. 313-328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine economic inequality and social differences in infant and child mortality, and fertility responses to food price changes in North Orkney, 1855–1910, using linked vital records. This small population featured a diverse occupational structure, limited land resources, and geographic isolation from mainland Scotland. Segments of Orkney’s non-agricultural working population were living so close to the margin of subsistence in normal years that an increase in food prices in bad years cost the lives of their children. Delayed childbearing, in addition to increased labour intensity, occupational diversification, and poor relief, failed to mitigate the negative effects of unfavourable prices in this group. While previous studies for Western Europe show a strong social gradient in mortality responses to food prices, and for Eastern Asia a strong household gradient, this study shows a strong sectoral gradient, indicating low standards of living for the non-agricultural working population well into the twentieth century.
|
|
| 10. |
- Kulu, Hill, et al.
(författare)
-
Is spatial mobility on the rise or in decline? : An order-specific analysis of the migration of young adults in Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 72:3, s. 323-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate spatial mobility over time. Research on 'new mobilities' suggests increasing movement of individuals, technology, and information. By contrast, studies of internal migration report declining spatial mobility in recent decades. Using longitudinal register data from Sweden, we calculate annual order-specific migration rates to investigate the spatial mobility of young adults over the last three decades. We standardize mobility rates for educational enrolment, educational level, family status, and place of residence to determine how much changes in individuals' life domains explain changes in mobility. Young adults' migration rates increased significantly in the 1990s; although all order-specific migration rates increased, first migration rates increased the most. Changes in population composition, particularly increased enrolment in higher education, accounted for much of the elevated spatial mobility in the 1990s. The analysis supports neither ever increasing mobility nor a long-term rise in rootedness among young adults in Sweden.
|
|
