| 1. |
- Larsson, Jan-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change of ADHD symptoms between 8 and 13 years of age : a longitudinal twin study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - Philadelphia, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 43:10, s. 1267-1275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the genetic and environmental contributions to stability and change of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms between 8 and 9 and 13 and 14 years of age.Method: The sample included 1,480 twin pairs born in Sweden between May 1985 and December 1986. At wave 1 in 1994, when twins were 8-9 years old, 1,106 (75%) of the parents responded to a mailed questionnaire, and at wave 2 when the twins were 13-14 years old, 1,063 (73%) responded. A checklist with 14 items based on the 14 DSM-III-R symptoms for ADHD was completed. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.Results: A relatively high stability of ADHD symptoms over this 5-year period was found. This continuity was mainly due to the same genetic effects operating at both points in time. Change in symptoms between childhood and early adolescence was to a large extent due to new genetic effects in early adolescence but also due to new nonshared environmental effects that became important during adolescence.Conclusions: The genetic stability highlights the importance of the continuing search for genes and endophenotypes of ADHD.
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| 2. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav V, et al.
(författare)
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Violence exposure, posttraumatic stress, and personality in juvenile delinquents.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 41:3, s. 322-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess posttraumatic stress and its relationship to comorbid psychopathology, violence exposure, and personality traits in Russian male juvenile delinquents.METHOD: Posttraumatic stress and comorbid psychopathology were assessed by a semistructured psychiatric interview (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version) in 370 delinquent youths during winter-spring of 1999. In addition, violence exposure, personality, and psychopathology were assessed by self-reports.RESULTS: Most delinquents reported some degree of posttraumatic stress: 156 subjects (42%) fulfilled partial criteria and 87 (25%) fulfilled full DSM-IV criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Violence-related experiences (witnessing and victimization) were the most common types of trauma. Higher levels of posttraumatic stress were accompanied by higher rates of comorbid psychopathology, with the most striking differences occurring between the groups with full versus partial PTSD criteria. Violence exposure was related to temperamental behavior activation (novelty seeking), whereas PTSD symptom scores were predominantly related to behavior inhibition and poor coping (high harm avoidance and low self-directedness).CONCLUSIONS: Similar to findings from American samples, Russian juvenile delinquents represent a severely traumatized population, mainly due to high levels of violence exposure. Those with full PTSD are the most severely traumatized and have highest rates of psychopathology, as compared to those with no or partial PTSD, and they require the most clinical attention and rehabilitation. Both exposure to violence and levels of posttraumatic stress are related to personality traits, which influence degree of exposure and individual perception of stress. The latter should be considered in individualized approaches to rehabilitation.
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| 3. |
- Sjöberg, Rickard L
(författare)
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Wild child.
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 43:6, s. 647-8; author reply 648
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Vermeiren, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Suicidal behavior and violence in male adolescents : a school-based study.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 42:1, s. 41-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate characteristics of suicidal and violent behavior in a community school sample of adolescents.METHOD: Self-report questionnaires were administered to 794 male students (aged 12-18 years) from Antwerp, Belgium. Subjects were classified into four groups: a suicidal-only (n = 40; suicidal ideation and/or self-harming behavior), a violent-only (n = 142), a suicidal-violent (n = 21), and a control group (n = 591).RESULTS: Compared with controls, higher levels of internalizing problems, risk-taking behavior (substance use, diminished perception of risk, sensation seeking), and aggression were found in the comparison groups. The suicidal-violent group had the highest levels of depression, somatization, overt and covert aggression, and risk-taking behavior. Compared with the suicidal-only group, the violent-only group had less depression, anxiety, and covert aggression, but higher levels of overt aggression, sensation seeking, diminished perception of risk, and marijuana use.CONCLUSIONS: Although adolescent suicidal and violent behavior are both related to internalizing problems, aggression, and risk-taking behavior, marked differences in severity and nature exist in these relationships. Differentiation of suicidal youths based on the presence or absence of violent behavior may add to our understanding of suicidal phenomena and may thus have important clinical consequences.
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