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- Ahlberg, Rickard, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ADHD Medication and Shorter Height : A Quasi-Experimental and Family-based Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 62:12, s. 1316-1325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and shorter height is unclear. This study examined the risk of shorter height in individuals with ADHD, and the influence of prenatal factors, ADHD medication, psychiatric comorbidity, socioeconomic factors and familial liability.METHOD: We draw on Swedish National Registers for two different study designs. First, height data for 14,268 individuals with ADHD and 71,339 controls were stratified into two groups: 1: Before and 2: After stimulant treatment were introduced in Sweden. Second, we used a family-based design including 833,172 relatives without ADHD with different levels of relatedness to the individuals with ADHD and matched controls.RESULTS: ADHD was associated with shorter height both before (below average height: OR=1.31, 95 % CI=1.22-1.41) and after (below average height: OR=1.21, 95 % CI=1.13-1.31) stimulants for ADHD were introduced in Sweden and was of similar magnitude in both cohorts. The association between ADHD and shorter height attenuated after adjustment for prenatal factors, psychiatric disorders and SES. Relatives of individuals with ADHD had an increased risk of shorter height (below average height in full siblings: OR=1.14, 95 % CI=1.09-1.19; maternal half siblings: OR=1.10, 95 % CI=1.01-1.20; paternal half siblings: OR=1.15, 95 % CI=1.07-1.24, first full cousins: OR=1.10, 95 % CI=1.08-1.12).CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that ADHD is associated with shorter height. On a population level, this association was present both before and after ADHD-medications were available in Sweden. The association between ADHD and height was partly explained by prenatal factors, psychiatric comorbidity, low SES and a shared familial liability for ADHD.
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| 3. |
- Beaudry, G, et al.
(författare)
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Ms. Beaudry et al. Reply
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1527-5418 .- 0890-8567. ; 60:2, s. 203-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Cervin, Matti, et al.
(författare)
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The centrality of doubting and checking in the network structure of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions in youth
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 59:7, s. 880-889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous condition with well-established symptom dimensions across the lifespan. The objective of the present study was to use network analysis to investigate the internal structure and central features of these dimensions in unselected schoolchildren and in youth with OCD.Method. We estimated the network structure of OCD symptom dimensions in 6,991 schoolchildren and 704 youth diagnosed with OCD from 18 sites across six countries. All participants completed the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory - Child Version.Results. In both the school-based and clinic-based samples, the OCD dimensions formed an interconnected network with doubting/checking emerging as a highly central node, i.e. exerting strong influence over other symptom dimensions in the network. The centrality of the doubting/checking dimension was consistent across countries, genders, age groups, clinical status, and tic disorder comorbidity. Network differences were observed for age and gender in the school-based but not the clinic-based samples.Conclusion. The centrality of doubting/checking in the network structure of childhood OCD adds to classic and recent conceptualizations of the disorder in which the important role of doubt in disorder severity and maintenance is highlighted. The present results suggest that doubting/checking is a potentially important target for further research into the etiology and treatment of childhood OCD.
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| 7. |
- Colins, Olivier F., et al.
(författare)
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The DSM-5 Limited Prosocial Emotions Specifier for Conduct Disorder : Comorbid Problems, Prognosis, and Antecedents
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 60:8, s. 1020-1029
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: A limited prosocial emotions (LPE) subtype of conduct disorder (CD) has been added to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Empirical studies on this categorically defined subtype are scarce, whereas existing work is predominantly cross-sectional. Hypotheses surrounding the LPE subtype that relate to comorbidity, prognosis, developmental antecedents, and overlap with psychopathic personality, received no or little scrutiny.METHOD: These knowledge gaps were addressed in a community sample of 1,839 children 8 to 10 years of age who enrolled in the study in early childhood (age 3-5), and were followed up in early adolescence (age 11-13). Parents and teachers completed questionnaires that tap theoretically and clinically relevant features.RESULTS: Children with the LPE subtype exhibited more CD symptoms and comorbid problems, including fearlessness, and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These children were also at a higher risk for future CD symptoms at the 3-year follow-up. Additionally, fearlessness, callous-unemotional traits, interpersonal traits, and harsh parenting assessed in early childhood, were identified as developmental antecedents of the LPE subtype. Findings, finally, tentatively suggest that the LPE subtype is a heterogeneous group differentiated on other psychopathic personality traits.CONCLUSION: The LPE subtype appears to identify a troubled, etiologically distinct group of children with conduct problems who are at a heightened risk for future maladjustment. Findings can inform the underlying mechanisms related to the LPE subtype, and can lead to the development and improvement of prevention and intervention programs for children with conduct problems.
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| 8. |
- Colins, Olivier F., et al.
(författare)
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The Prognostic Usefulness of Multiple Specifiers for Subtyping Conduct Problems in Early Childhood
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To better describe and treat children with conduct problems (CP), grandiose-manipulative and daring-impulsive traits are proposed for subtyping CP, instead of using only a callous-unemotional specifier. However, the acclaimed benefits of having multiple specifiers for CP remain largely untested and therefore highly speculative. To fill this gap, this study tested longitudinal relations between these 3 specifiers and developmental outcomes in childhood and adolescence, independent of early childhood CP.METHOD: Longitudinal data from 2 community studies were used. Teacher ratings were used to measure CP and the specifiers in 3- to 5-year-olds from Sweden (n = 2,064) and Spain (n = 2,055). Developmental outcomes were assessed by multiple informants (ie, teachers, parents, and children) 1 to 8 years later. RESULTS: Early childhood CP were predictive of all outcomes. Callous-unemotional traits predicted low levels of social competence and prosocial behavior, independent of CP (and age, gender, and socioeconomic status). Grandiose-manipulative and daring-impulsive traits were predictive of aggression and violent delinquency, respectively, independent of CP, but also of higher levels of prosocial behavior or social competence.CONCLUSION: The 3 specifiers are predictive of different outcomes, independent of CP, which is thought to form the basis for developing specifiers for CP. Findings tentatively challenge the centrality of callous-unemotional traits for subtyping CP, but it is premature to conclude that grandiose-manipulative and daring-impulsive specifiers are needed in future revisions of DSM and ICD. Efforts to systematically evaluate the utility of these specifiers should be welcomed to inform ongoing debates on this matter.
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| 9. |
- Colins, Olivier F., et al.
(författare)
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The Prognostic Usefulness of Multiple Specifiers for Subtyping Conduct Problems in Early Childhood
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 62:10S, s. S160-S161
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: Better descriptions and treatment of children with conduct problems (CP) grandiose-manipulative (GM) and daring-impulsive (DI) traits are proposed for subtyping CP, instead of only using a callous-unemotional (CU) specifier. Unfortunately, the acclaimed benefits of having multiple specifiers for CP remain largely untested and, therefore, highly speculative. To fill this gap, we tested longitudinal relations between these 3 specifiers and developmental outcomes in childhood and adolescence, independent of early childhood CP.Methods: We relied on longitudinal data from 2 community studies. Teacher-ratings were used to measure CP and the specifiers in 3- to 5-year-olds from Sweden (N = 2064) and Spain (N = 2055). Developmental outcomes were assessed by multiple informants (ie, teachers, parents, and children) 1 to 8 years later.Results: Early childhood CP were predictive of all outcomes. CU traits predicted low levels of social competence and prosocial behavior, independent of CP (and age, gender, and socioeconomic status). GM and DI traits were predictive of aggression and violent delinquency, respectively, independent of CP, but also of higher levels of prosocial behavior or social competence.Conclusions: The 3 specifiers are predictive of different outcomes, independent of CP, which is thought to form the basis for developing specifiers for CP. Findings tentatively challenge the centrality of CU traits for subtyping CP, but it is premature to conclude that GM and DI specifiers are needed in future revisions of the DSM and ICD. Efforts to systematically evaluate the utility of these specifiers should be welcomed to inform ongoing debates on this matter.
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| 10. |
- Copeland, William E., et al.
(författare)
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Associations of childhood and adolescent depression with adult psychiatric and functional outcomes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 0890-8567 .- 1527-5418. ; 60:5, s. 604-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Depression is common, impairing, and the leading cause of disease burden in youths. This study aimed to identify the effects of childhood/adolescent depression on a broad range of longer-term outcomes.Method: The analysis is based on the prospective, representative Great Smoky Mountains Study of 1,420 participants. Participants were assessed with the structured Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment interview up to 8 times in childhood (age 9 similar to 16 years; 6,674 observations; 1993-2000) for DSM-based depressive disorders, associated psychiatric comorbidities, and childhood adversities. Participants were followed up 4 times in adulthood (ages 19, 21, 25, and 30 years; 4,556 observations of 1,336 participants; 1999-2015) with the structured Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment Interview for psychiatric outcomes and functional outcomes.Results: In all, 7.7% of participants met criteria for a depressive disorder in childhood/adolescence. Any childhood/adolescent depression was associated with higher levels of adult anxiety and illicit drug disorders and also with worse health, criminal, and social functioning; these associations persisted when childhood psychiatric comorbidities and adversities were accounted for. No sex-specific patterns were identified. However, timing of depression mattered: individuals with adolescent-onset depression had worse outcomes than those with child-onset. Average depressive symptoms throughout childhood and adolescence were associated with more adverse outcomes. Finally, specialty mental health service use was protective against adult diagnostic outcomes.Conclusion: Early depression and especially persistent childhood/adolescent depressive symptoms have robust, lasting associations with adult functioning. Some of these effects may be attenuated by service use.
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