| 1. |
- Benson, Mikael, 1954
(författare)
-
Pathophysiological effects of glucocorticoids on nasal polyps: an update.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1528-4050 .- 1473-6322. ; 5:1, s. 31-5
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The exact mechanisms by which glucocorticoids exert their beneficial effects on nasal polyps are not clearly defined. Nasal polyps, asthma and allergic rhinitis share common features such as mucosal infiltration with eosinophils and mast cells as well as local IgE production. The present review is an update on the pathophysiological mechanisms of glucocorticoids on nasal polyps described during the last 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS: The reduction of leukocyte numbers in nasal polyps following glucocorticoid treatment depends on several mechanisms, for example altered balance between the two isoforms of the human glucocorticoid receptors, GRalpha and GRbeta. Another explanation may be inhibition of CD4+ T by CD8+ T cells. Increased expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta may contribute to this. A DNA microarray study which examined the expression of some 22 000 genes showed increased expression of several antiinflammatory genes in nasal polyps after treatment with glucocorticoids. The antiinflammatory gene that increased most was uteroglobin (also known as Clara cell protein 16) which is abundantly expressed in airway secretions and thought to have an important role in regulating inflammation. SUMMARY: Glucocorticoids affect both pro and antiinflammatory pathways in nasal polyps. Upregulation of antiinflammatory genes such as transforming growth factor beta and uteroglobin may play an important role. Elucidation of these mechanisms may help us to understand not only the effects of glucocorticoids on nasal polyps, but also on related disorders such as allergic rhinitis and asthma.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Marklund, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
-
Food hypersensitivity and quality of life
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 1528-4050 .- 1473-6322. ; 7, s. 279-287
-
Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 5. |
- Millqvist, Eva, 1949
(författare)
-
Mechanisms of increased airway sensitivity to occupational chemicals and odors.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. - 1528-4050. ; 8:2, s. 135-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Airway symptoms induced by chemicals and odors are common problems that are also reported after contact with substances normally regarded as nontoxic. This article reviews current findings and opinions regarding mechanisms of increased airway sensitivity to occupational chemicals and odors. RECENT FINDINGS: Individuals exposed to organic solvents during work had more nasal irritation and lower threshold to pyridine odor compared with a nonexposed control group. Six percentage of a general population in Sweden had pronounced airway chemical sensitivity and augmented capsaicin cough sensitivity, known to reflect the sensory nerve reactivity of the airways. The cough sensitivity was associated with changed levels of nerve growth factor in nasal lavage and such patients had longstanding symptoms influencing their working capacity. Positron emission tomography activation studies with several different odorants showed in patients with odor-associated symptoms an odorant-related increase in activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and cuneus-precuneus in comparison with a control group. SUMMARY: In subgroups of individuals with airway symptoms induced by chemicals and odors, there seems to be a sustainable physiological mechanism behind the reactions. An increased vulnerability to stress cannot be neglected as a confounding factor in some sensitive individuals.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mosges, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Why do we treat allergies with antibiotics?
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1528-4050. ; 6:3, s. 144-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 7. |
- Norbäck, Dan
(författare)
-
An update on sick building syndrome
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 1528-4050 .- 1473-6322. ; 9:1, s. 55-59
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim is to describe recent insight into risk factors for symptoms included in the sick building syndrome (SBS) and to give an insight into preventive work to reduce SBS. RECENT FINDINGS: New studies have added evidence for the role of personality traits and psychosocial work environment, reactive chemistry and the inflammatory properties of indoor particles for SBS. Field studies using physiological methods and measurements of oxidative stress can lead to better understanding of the cause of SBS. Moreover, there is an increased focus on the indoor environment and 'sick house syndrome' in Asia. SUMMARY: SBS is related to both personal and environmental risk factors. In the office environment, SBS may have important economical implications. More focus is needed on the indoor environment in schools and day care centres, hospitals and nursing homes for elderly. Improvements of the home environment may be the most cost-effective way to reduce the burden of indoor exposure. The link between indoor and outdoor air pollution should not be neglected, and the role of energy saving and climate changes will be an important future issue.
|
|
| 8. |
- Nordin, Steven, et al.
(författare)
-
Complaints of olfactory disorders: epidemiology, assessment and clinical implications.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. - 1528-4050. ; 8:1, s. 10-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies illuminate the difficulties that patients with olfactory disorder face in daily life, which underlines the need to understand its prevalence, and to diagnose and treat these patients. The purpose of the present review is to characterize olfactory disorders and describe associated complaints, present recent insights into epidemiology, suggest procedures to assess these disorders, and discuss clinical implications.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Rylander, Ragnar, 1935
(författare)
-
Endotoxin and occupational airway disease
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 1528-4050. ; 6:1, s. 62-66
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
|
|
