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- Bystrom, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Dissecting the role of eosinophil cationic protein in upper airway disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 1528-4050 .- 1473-6322. ; 12:1, s. 18-23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of review Eosinophil granulocyte myeloid cells are increased in atopic and nonatopic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis, diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Eosinophils contain several basic granule proteins, the best known being the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). ECP is a cytotoxic, profibrotic ribonuclease, which is found deposited in these eosinophil-related diseases and is often used in parallel with blood eosinophilia to monitor those diseases. The contribution of eosinophils and their granule proteins to disease pathogenesis have been debated; recent findings might bring these cells to the center of attention. Recent findings Novel mediators of atopic disease, interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-33 have been found in the upper respiratory tract. These cytokines stimulate eosinophils to survival and degranulation, IL-17 via granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-33 directly. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has been found in CRS and atopic keratoconjunctivitis mucosa, its production possibly stimulated by ECP. ECP is detected in nasal mucosa of local allergic reactions, entopy, in rhinitis and CRS. ECP might be released from freely circulating eosinophil granules or in association with eosinophil mitochondrial DNA, both means of release for pathogen defence. Summary Novel evidence suggests that eosinophils and ECP might have new prominent roles in development of diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
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| 2. |
- Montanez, Maria I., et al.
(författare)
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A perspective of nanotechnology in hypersensitivity reactions including drug allergy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - 1528-4050 .- 1473-6322. ; 10:4, s. 297-302
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of review We provide an overview of the application of the concepts of nanoscience and nanotechnology as a novel scientific approach to the area of nanomedicine related to the domain of the immune system. Particular emphasis will be paid to studies on drug allergy reactions. Recent findings Several well defined chemical structures arranged in the dimension of the nanoscale are currently being studied for biomedical purposes. By interacting with the immune system, some of these show promising applications as vaccines, diagnostic tools and activators/effectors of the immune response. Even a brief listing of some key applications of nanostructured materials shows how broad and intense this area of nanomedicine is. Summary As a result of the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology applied to medicine, new approaches can be envisioned for problems related to the modulation of the immune response, as well as in immunodiagnosis, and to design new tools to solve related medical challenges. Nanoparticles offer unique advantages with which to exploit new properties and for materials to play a major role in new diagnostic techniques and therapies. Fullerene-C-60 and multivalent functionalized gold nanoparticles of various sizes have led to new tools and opened up new ways to study and interact with the immune system. Some of the most versatile nanostructures are dendrimers. In their interaction with the immune system they can naturally occurring macromolecules, taking advantage of the fact that dendrimers can be synthesized into nanosized structures. Their multivalence can be successfully exploited in vaccines and diagnostic tests for allergic reactions.
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