| 1. |
- Bontioti, Eleana N, et al.
(author)
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Regeneration and functional recovery in the upper extremity of rats after various types of nerve injuries.
- 2003
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In: Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. - : Wiley. - 1085-9489 .- 1529-8027. ; 8:3, s. 159-168
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to establish an accurate, reproducible, and simple method to evaluate functional recovery after different types of nerve injuries to the brachial plexus of rats. To that end, pawprints, measured as distance between the first and fourth and second and third digits, were used for evaluation of injuries including crush injury, transection/repair, or graft repair of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves. Immunocytochemistry of the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON) and neurofilaments was used to investigate the cell body response and axonal outgrowth, respectively. Functional recovery was dependent on the severity as well as on the level of the lesion. Neither a single injury to the median nerve nor an injury to the ulnar nerve affected the pawprint, while an injury to both these nerves or a single injury to the radial nerve caused impairment of pawprints. There was a rapid recovery after crush injury to these nerves compared to previous reports of a similar injury to the sciatic nerve. The pattern of axonal outgrowth was related to the severity of the lesion. A conditioning lesion, i.e., an initial lesion of the same nerve preceding a test injury by a few days, of both motor/sensory fibers led to a quicker functional recovery. Surprisingly, conditioning of only sensory fibers had nearly the same effect. The cell body response was dependent on the level of the nerve lesion. The upper extremity of rats might be useful to evaluate the effects of new repair methods after nerve injuries using functional evaluation with pawprints as a simple and accurate method
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| 2. |
- Haapaniemi, T, et al.
(author)
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Functional evaluation after rat sciatic nerve injury followed by hyperbaric oxygen treatment
- 2002
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In: Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. - : Wiley. - 1085-9489 .- 1529-8027. ; 7:3, s. 149-154
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous experimental studies have shown positive effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in the early regeneration phase in the first few days following a nerve injury. In this study, functional effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment were studied in 2 series of rats after an injury to the sciatic nerve - a standardized crush injury and nerve transection and repair, respectively. Postoperatively the animals were treated with 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute pressure for 90 minutes and the treatment was employed twice daily for 7 days. The animals were evaluated with walking track analysis up to twice weekly. The experiments were terminated after 90 days when the tetanic force was measured in the tibial anterior and gastrocnemius muscles. No statistically significant differences were found in either of these tests. It is concluded that hyperbaric oxygen treatment, given in accordance with clinical protocols used in limb crush injuries and other peripheral conditions, was not effective in the restoration of gait or the muscular strength after 90 days in rats after these nerve injuries. This study does not support nerve crush injury or nerve transection and repair as indications for hyperbaric oxygen treatment.
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| 3. |
- Kvist, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Effects of FK506 on regeneration and macrophages in injured rat sciatic nerve.
- 2003
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In: Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. - : Wiley. - 1085-9489 .- 1529-8027. ; 8:4, s. 251-259
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effects of FK506 [5.0 mg/kg body weight (BW), subcutaneous, daily] on nerve regeneration and presence of macrophages in lesioned rat sciatic nerves were studied. Models of autologous nerve graft or a nerve crush lesion were used and regeneration was evaluated by immunocytochemistry (also used to detect ED1/ED2 macrophages) and sensory pinch reflex test, respectively. Treatment with FK506 did not increase regeneration distance or regeneration rate in the autologous nerve grafts. However, regeneration distances after nerve crush were significantly longer following treatment with FK506. The number of macrophages (ED1/ED2) in nerve grafts increased over time, but treatment with FK506 had limited effects only in the presence of ED2 macrophages. Present and previously published studies may imply that there is a time-related and type-of-injury-related profile of FK506's pro-regenerative effect.
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| 4. |
- Lundborg, Göran
(author)
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Richard P. Bunge memorial lecture. Nerve injury and repair--a challenge to the plastic brain.
- 2003
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In: Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. - : Wiley. - 1085-9489 .- 1529-8027. ; 8:4, s. 209-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Repair and reconstruction of major nerve trunks in the upper extremity is a very challenging surgical problem. Today, there is no surgical repair technique that can assure recovery of tactile discrimination in the hand of an adult patient following nerve repair. In contrast, young individuals usually attain a complete recovery of functional sensibility. The outcome from nerve repair depends mainly on central nervous system factors including functional cortical reorganizational processes caused by misdirection in axonal outgrowth. Deafferentation due to local anesthetic block, amputation or nerve transection in the upper extremity leads to very rapid cortical synaptic remodeling, resulting in a distorted cortical hand representation as well as in enlarged and overlapping cortical receptive fields. Sensory relearning programs are aimed at refinement of these receptive fields to normalize the distorted hand map and improve processing at a high-order cortical level in the context of the 'new language spoken by the hand'. As peripheral nerve repair techniques cannot be further refined, there is a need for new and improved strategies for sensory relearning following nerve repair. We propose the utilization of multimodal capacity of the brain, using another sense (hearing) to substitute for lost hand sensation and to provide an alternate sensory input from the hand early after transection. The purpose was to modulate cortical reorganizations due to deafferentation to preserve cortical hand representation. Preliminary results from a prospective clinical randomized study indicate that the use of a Sensor Glove System, which stereophonically transposes the friction sound elicited by active touch, results in improved recovery of tactile discrimination in the nerve-injured hand. Future strategies for treatment of nerve injuries should promote cellular methods to minimize post-traumatic nerve cell death and to improve axonal outgrowth rate and orientation, but high on the agenda are new strategies for refined sensory relearning following nerve repair.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nishiura, Y, et al.
(author)
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Hyperbaric oxygen treatment has different effects on nerve regeneration in acellular nerve and muscle grafts
- 2001
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In: Journal of the peripheral nervous system. - : Wiley. - 1085-9489 .- 1529-8027. ; 6:2, s. 73-78
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBO) on nerve regeneration in acellular nerve and muscle grafts were investigated in rats. Nerve and muscle grafts were made acellular by freeze-thawing and the obtained grafts were used to bridge a 10-mm gap in the sciatic nerve on the left and right sides, respectively. Rats were treated with HBO (100% oxygen for 90 minutes at 2.5 atmospheres absolute pressure ATA) twice a day for 7 days. Axonal outgrowth, Schwann cell migration and invasion of macrophages were examined 10 days after the graft procedure by staining neurofilaments, S-100 proteins and the macrophage antibodies ED1 and ED2, respectively. Axonal outgrowth and Schwann cell migration in acellular nerve grafts were superior to that found in the acellular muscle grafts. However, there was no difference between HBO-treated and non-treated rats in acellular nerve grafts. Such a difference was found in acellular muscle grafts concerning both axonal outgrowth and Schwann cell migration from the proximal nerve end. No differences in the content of macrophages or neovascularization (alkaline phosphatase staining) in either of the grafts and treatments were seen. It is concluded that there is a differential effect of HBO-treatment in acellular nerve and muscle grafts and that HBO-treatment has no effect on the regeneration process in acellular nerve grafts, in contrast to fresh cellular nerve grafts where a beneficial effect has previously been reported.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Haapaniemi, T, et al.
(author)
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Untitled - Response
- 2003
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In: Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System. - : Wiley. - 1085-9489. ; 8:2, s. 63-64
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 10. |
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