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- Ottander, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Intraovarian blood flow measured with color doppler ultrasonography inversely correlates with vascular density in the human corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle
- 2004
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 81:1, s. 154-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the morphologic characteristics underlying the ultrasonographic appearance and blood flow dynamics in the human corpus luteum (CL) of the menstrual cycle. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. Patient(s) Twenty-six otherwise healthy women with proven fertility and a history of regular menstrual cycles, scheduled for elective hysterectomy or tubal sterilization. Intervention(s) An ovulatory LH rise in urine was established and the CL age was determined according to the day after the LH rise. Before surgery, a standardized ultrasonographic examination of the CL, including B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography measurements, was performed. Upon commencing the minilaparotomy, the CL was excised and measured using a digital slide-caliper. The volume density (percentage of CL volume occupied by blood vessels) of factor VIII–related antigen immunostained endothelial cells was determined. Main outcome measure(s) Pulsatility index obtained from intraovarian blood vessels supplying the CL and volume density of blood vessels in CL tissue. The CL maximal and minimal outer and inner dimensions were measured in vivo by ultrasonography and ex vivo by a digital slide caliper. Result(s) A statistically significant decrease of blood vessel density and an increased resistance to blood flow, as indicated by pulsatility index, was established during the course of corpus luteum development. An inverse correlation between pulsatility index and volume density of blood vessels was found. A high degree of agreement between ultrasonographic and anatomic measurements of surgically removed CL was found. Conclusion(s) Transvaginal ultrasonography in combination with intraovarian color Doppler flow measurements is a simple and reliable method to evaluate the size and vascularization of the human CL.
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- Rickenlund, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperandrogenicity is an alternative mechanism underlying oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in female athletes and may improve physical performance.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 79:4, s. 947-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endocrine mechanisms underlying oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in female athletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Women's health clinical research unit at a university hospital. PATIENT(S): Age- and BMI-matched groups of athletes active in endurance sports with and without menstrual disturbances and regularly cycling sedentary controls. INTERVENTION(S): Groups were compared with respect to endocrine status, body composition, and physical performance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Identification of a subgroup of oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic athletes with increased androgen levels and anabolic body composition. RESULT(S): A subgroup of 8 of 25 athletes with menstrual disturbances had significantly higher serum levels of free and total testosterone, androstenedione, LH-FSH ratio, and lower SHBG levels than did all other groups. Other oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic athletes had normal values comparable to those in regularly menstruating athletes and controls. The hyperandrogenic subgroup showed a more anabolic body composition, with higher total bone mineral density and upper-lower fat mass ratio than did oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic athletes with normal androgen levels. The hyperandrogenic subgroup had the highest VO2 max and the highest performance values in general. CONCLUSION(S): Menstrual disturbances in female athletes are often explained as a consequence of hypothalamic inhibition and caloric deficiency. We suggest that essential hyperandrogenism is an alternative mechanism underlying oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea in some female athletes and may imply an advantage for physical performance.
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