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- Cerin, Pontus
(författare)
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Introducing Value Chain Stewardship (VCS)
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1567-9764 .- 1573-1553. ; 6:1, s. 39-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After a decade of international negotiations to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a sufficient number of countries have ratified the Kyoto agreement. However, even with this positive development there is a formidable challenge since, according to the World Resource Institute (WRI 2004), For the most part, developed nations have failed to attain the non-binding emission reductions they committed to in the original climate treaty in 1992, Ensuring adherence to the reductions stated in the treaty by these nations may become an immense managerial task, not to mention the enforcement of sanctions. Instead of national emission targets the approach of this paper is to focus on trade within selected industry sectors - i.e. housing and transport - responsible for most of the world's GHG emissions. This paper shows that vehicle manufacturers - the design owners - may use their information advantages to influence customers to focus on other aspects of the vehicle than costs during use. Expanding the environmental responsibility of the design owners to coincide with the area of environmental impacts will convert emissions cost into a production cost. It is indicated in this paper that when applying the estimated costs for GHG emissions to the vehicle user, strong enough incentives are not given to drive technological change, but if the responsibility is allocated to the design owner the very same additional costs will be an incentive for the designer to use its information advantage to innovate away from those emissions-rendering technologies. A value chain stewardship (VCS) is, thus, established.
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- Lund, Emma
(författare)
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A review of the CDM literature: from fine-tuning to critical scrutiny?
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1553 .- 1567-9764. ; 9:1, s. 63-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As negotiations on the post-2012 climate regime are now taking off, it is time to look back and assess the experiences of the clean development mechanism (CDM) to this date. The CDM has been subject to extensive discussion in academic literature during the last few years, and this article reviews that literature in order to sum up its main themes. A common assessment is that the current structure of the CDM leads to a focus on cheap emissions reductions at the expense of sustainable development benefits for the host countries. Recently, the questionable additionality of many CDM projects has become a central issue. The article further argues that whereas a substantial body of work exists on the CDM, this work is mainly preoccupied with a ‘fine-tuning’ of the mechanism. As the CDM now becomes increasingly institutionalized, scholars should also take a step back and study the CDM in a more theoretically oriented way.
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- Palm, Matilda, et al.
(författare)
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Land use and forestry based CDM in scientific literature pre and post COP 9 in Milan
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Environmental Agreements. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1567-9764 .- 1573-1553. ; :8, s. 249-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the science-policy interactions between peer-reviewedliterature and decisions and declarations on Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry(LULUCF) projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) taken at Conference ofthe Parties (COP) meetings. The results are based on a literature analysis capturing 88articles published from 1997 to 2005. By using a matrix search method and a structuredreading form, the method and analysis focussed on whether issues of CDM and LULUCFwere presented as ‘supportive of the inclusion of LULUCF’ and ‘critical of the inclusion ofLULUCF’. A matrix search method and a structured reading form were applied. Of the 88articles, 66% included discussions supportive to the inclusion of LULUCF. Forty-ninepercent had a first author affiliated in natural sciences. Only 19% had first authors affiliatedin developing countries while the same number for contributing authors was 38%. Theresults show no clear connection between scientific literature and decisions and declarations,but indicate that policymakers set the research agenda by declarations, whileresearchers feed the process up until decisions are made.
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- Pattberg, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the public and private divide: remapping transnational climate governance in the 21st century
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1553 .- 1567-9764. ; 8:4, s. 367-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides a first step towards a better theoretical and empirical knowledge of the emerging arena of transnational climate governance. The need for such a re-conceptualization emerges from the increasing relevance of non-state and transnational approaches towards climate change mitigation at a time when the intergovernmental negotiation process has to overcome substantial stalemate and the international arena becomes increasingly fragmented. Based on a brief discussion of the increasing trend towards transnationalization and functional segmentation of the global climate governance arena, we argue that a remapping of climate governance is necessary and needs to take into account different spheres of authority beyond the public and international. Hence, we provide a brief analysis of how the public/private divide has been conceptualized in Political Science and International Relations. Subsequently, we analyse the emerging transnational climate governance arena. Analytically, we distinguish between different manifestations of transnational climate governance on a continuum ranging from delegated and shared public-private authority to fully non-state and private responses to the climate problem. We suggest that our remapping exercise presented in this article can be a useful starting point for future research on the role and relevance of transnational approaches to the global climate crisis.
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