| 1. |
- Bosette, C, et al.
(författare)
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A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. VII. Cruciferous and other vegetables (International)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 13:8, s. 765-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the association between cruciferous and other vegetables and thyroid cancer risk we systematically reanalyzed the original data from 11 case-control studies conducted in the US, Asia, and Europe. Methods: A total of 2241 cases (1784 women, 457 men) and 3716 controls (2744 women, 972 men) were included. Odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for each study by logistic regression models, conditioned on age and sex, and adjusted for history of goiter, thyroid nodules or adenomas, and radiation. Summary ORs for all studies combined were computed as the weighted average of the estimates from each study. Results: A decreased risk for the highest level of cruciferous vegetable intake, as compared to the lowest, was observed in Los Angeles, Hawaii, Connecticut, southeastern Sweden, Troms°, and Switzerland, the OR were above unity in Japan and Uppsala, whereas no material association was found in northern Sweden, Italy, or Greece. The OR values for all studies combined were 0.87 (95% CI 0.75-1.01) for moderate and 0.94 (95% CI 0.80-1.10) for high cruciferous vegetables intake. The results were similar in studies from iodine-rich areas and endemic goiter areas, and were consistent when the analysis was restricted to papillary carcinomas and women. The summary OR values for vegetables other than cruciferous were 1.04 (0.88-1.22) for moderate and 0.82 (0.69-0.98) for high consumption. Conclusions: This combined analysis indicates that cruciferous vegetables are not positively related to thyroid cancer risk. Their effect does not seem to be substantially different from that of other vegetables, which appear to be protective on this cancer.
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| 2. |
- Bosetti, C, et al.
(författare)
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A pooled analysis of case-control studies of thyroid cancer. VI. Fish and shellfish consumption
- 2001
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 12:4, s. 375-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To better understand the role of fish and shellfish on thyroid cancer risk, we systematically re-analyzed the original data from 13 case-control studies conducted in the US, Japan, China, and Europe. Methods: A total of 2497 cases (2023 women, 474 men) and 4337 controls (3268 women, 1069 men) were considered. Odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for each study by logistic regression models, conditioned on age and sex, and adjusted for history of goiter, thyroid nodules or adenomas, and radiation. Combined ORs were computed as the weighted average of the estimates from each study. Results: The ORs for the highest level of total fish consumption (three or more times per week) as compared to the lowest one (less than once per week) was above unity in Hawaii, Connecticut, Japan, Norway, Troms°, and Vaud. Conversely, the ORs for the studies in Los Angeles, Shanghai, southeastern Sweden, Uppsala, northern Sweden, northern Italy, and Athens were below one. The pattern of risk for salt water fish and shellfish was not substantially different from that of total fish. Fish was not associated with thyroid cancer risk in all studies combined (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.85-1.2 for moderate, and OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.71-1.1 for high total fish consumption), but there was a suggestion of a protective effect in endemic goiter areas (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.88). Conclusion: This combined analysis indicates that relatively elevated fish consumption does not appreciably increase thyroid cancer risk, and may have a favorable influence in areas where iodine deficiency is, or was, common.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Chang, Ellen T., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in men and women
- 2004
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 15:10, s. 1067-1076
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The effect of alcohol intake on risk of NHL is unclear. We therefore conducted a population-based case-control study to examine the association between alcohol and NHL risk. METHODS: 613 NHL cases and 480 population controls in Sweden reported their average consumption of beer, wine, and liquor 2 years before the study. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between alcohol intake and NHL risk. RESULTS: Intake of total alcohol, beer, wine, or liquor was not associated with risk of overall NHL. There was no difference in risk of NHL among those who habitually consumed above 19.1 g of ethanol per day, compared to those who consumed on average 0-2.2 g of ethanol per day (OR = 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8, 1.7); Ptrend = 0.29). However, the association was significantly positive among males (OR = 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.9); Ptrend = 0.06). Total alcohol, beer, wine, or liquor intake was not associated with any major histopathologic subtype of NHL examined, apart from an association between high wine consumption and increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol does not appear to be a major etiologic factor for overall NHL, nor its common subtypes.
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| 5. |
- Dal Maso, L, et al.
(författare)
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A pooled analysis of thyroid cancer studies. V. Anthropometric factors
- 2000
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 11:2, s. 137-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the relation between anthropometric factors and thyroid cancer risk in a pooled analysis of individual data from 12 case-control studies conducted in the US, Japan, China and Europe. Methods: 2056 female and 417 male cases, 3358 female and 965 male controls were considered. Odds ratios (OR) were derived from logistic regression, conditioning on age, A-bomb exposure (Japan) and study, and adjusting for radiotherapy. Results: Compared to the lowest tertile of height, the pooled OR was 1.2 for females for the highest one, and 1.5 for males, and trends in risk were significant. With reference to weight at diagnosis, the OR for females was 1.2 for the highest tertile, and the trend in risk was significant, whereas no association was observed in males. Body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis was directly related to thyroid cancer risk in females (OR = 1.2 for the highest tertile), but not in males. No consistent pattern of risk emerged with BMI during the late teens. Most of the associations were observed both for papillary and follicular cancers, and in all age groups. However, significant heterogeneity was observed across studies. Conclusions: Height and weight at diagnosis are moderately related to thyroid cancer risk.
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| 6. |
- Guénel, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol drinking may increase risk of breast cancer in men : a European population-based case-control study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 15:6, s. 80-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: It has been estimated that alcohol drinking increases the risk of breast cancer in women by approximately 7% for each increment of 10 g alcohol per day. However, the few studies conducted on breast cancer among men have failed to detect an association with quantitative measures of alcohol drinking, even if the alcohol intake is generally higher in men than in women. On the other hand, increased risks of male breast cancer were inconsistently reported in alcoholics or patients with liver cirrhosis. We have investigated the role of alcohol drinking in male breast cancer using data collected in a population-based case-control study on seven rare cancers, conducted in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, and Sweden.METHODS: The cases were 74 histologically verified male breast cancer patients aged 35-70 years. The controls (n = 1432) were selected from population registers, and frequency-matched to the cases by age group and geographic area. To check for consistency, a separate analysis was conducted using as controls the patients with a rare cancer other than male breast recruited simultaneously in the European study (n = 519 men).RESULTS: Based on population controls, the risk of developing breast cancer in men increased by 16% (95% CI: 7-26%) per 10 g alcohol /day (p < 0.001). An odds ratio of 5.89 (95% CI: 2.21-15.69) was observed for alcohol intake greater than 90 g per day, as compared with light consumers (< 15 g per day). Similar associations were observed when other rare cancers patients were used as controls.CONCLUSION: We found that the relative risk of breast cancer in men is comparable to that in women for alcohol intakes below 60 g per day. It continues to increase at high consumption levels not usually studied in women.
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| 7. |
- Jernström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of different types of hormone replacement therapy use and the risk of subsequent breast cancer: the women's health in the Lund area (WHILA) study (Sweden)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225. ; 14:7, s. 673-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Reports suggest that combined estrogen plus progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) confers a higher breast cancer risk than estrogen alone. We aimed to establish whether breast cancer risk depends on the type of HRT formula. Methods: The cohort consisted of 6586 women, aged 50 - 64 years, from the Lund area, Sweden, with no reported breast cancer upon inclusion. We obtained information such as HRT use through a questionnaire between December 1995 and February 2000. New breast cancers were identified through the South Swedish tumor registry. Results: Between inclusion and December 2001, 101 women developed breast cancer. Only ever use of the continuous combined estrogen plus progestin ( CCEP) formula differed between cases and controls (45.2% versus 23.5%; p = 0.000001). Compared with never users, exclusive CCEP users had the highest age-adjusted hazard ratio HR 3.3 (95% CI: 1.9 - 5.6; p < 0.001), followed by users of CCEP in addition to other HRT formulas HR 2.8 (95% CI: 1.4 - 5.5; p = 0.003). No significant increase was seen in women who exclusively used other HRT formulas. Conclusion: Women who used CCEP had over three times the risk of developing breast cancer compared with never users and twice the risk compared with users of other types of HRT.
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| 8. |
- Kaaks, Rudolf, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective study of IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins, and breast cancer risk, in Northern and Southern Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 13:4, s. 307-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the possible relationships of breast cancer risk to prediagnostic plasma levels of insulin; insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I); and IGF-binding proteins -1, -2, and -3. Methods: Within two prospective cohorts in Umea and Malmo we measured plasma concentrations of insulin, IGF-I, and IGFBPs for a total of 513 incident breast cancer cases and 987 matched controls. Results: Globally, risk was unassociated with levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, or IGF-I adjusted for IGFBP-3. When breaking down the analysis by subgroups of age at blood donation, an increase in risk was observed for increasing levels of IGF-I in women aged 55 or older, in the Umea cohort only (odds ratios of 1.00, 1.73, 1.76, 1.90; p(trend) = 0.05). This effect weakened, however, when the analysis was restricted to subjects who did not use exogenous hormones for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were not related to risk in younger women, recruited before age 50, contrary to observations from previous studies. In a subcohort where blood samples had been collected after at least four hours of fasting, breast cancer risk showed no clear associations with levels of insulin, IGFBP-1, or IGFBP-2. Conclusions: Our results do not confirm earlier findings of an association of plasma IGF-I levels with breast cancer risk especially in young women, but suggest a possible association with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, possibly among ERT/HRT users only. Our results do not support the hypothesis that elevated plasma insulin levels, and reduced levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2, are associated with increased breast cancer risk.
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| 9. |
- Kaerlev, L, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of smoking and medical history for development of small bowel carcinoid tumor: a European population-based case-control study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225. ; 13:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Little is known about the etiology of small bowel carcinoid tumor (SBC), but a few studies have pointed to certain medical and lifestyle factors as potential risk factors. This study aims to evaluate these findings and to identify new associations. Methods: A population-based European multicenter case-control study was conducted from 1995 through 1997. Incident histologically verified 35-69 year-old SBC cases (n = 99) and 3335 controls were recruited; 84 cases and 2070 controls were interviewed. Results: Ever being a smoker was associated with SBC (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2) and increased risk estimates were seen for all smoking categories. SBC was associated with previous gallstone disease and ovariectomy, but only when these conditions occurred within two years prior to the SBC diagnosis. No association was seen for a history of cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis, ulcerative disease, or Crohn's disease. Intake of alcoholic beverages - as well as medical treatments with radioactive substances, hormones, or corticosteroid tablets - were not associated with SBC. Conclusions: This study indicates that tobacco smoking is a risk factor for SBC. The associations with gallstone and ovarian diseases may be due to enhanced medical surveillance during the early phase of the cancer disease.
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| 10. |
- Lukanova, Annekatrin, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear relationship of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-I/IGF-binding protein-3 ratio with indices of adiposity and plasma insulin concentrations (Sweden).
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 13:6, s. 509-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In this study we test the hypothesis of a nonlinear relationship of IGF-I with indices of body fat such as body mass index (BMI), insulin, and leptin.METHODS: The controls used in three case-control cancer studies nested in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort, were combined for this analysis. Measurements of plasma IGF-I, IGFBP-3, insulin, and leptin were available for 445 men and 391 women.RESULTS: In both men and women we found the highest mean IGF-I levels in subjects with BMI between 24 and 26. IGF-I concentrations decreased toward BMI < or = 20 and BMI > 30 in men; however, the results for women did not reach statistical significance. The molar ratio of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 showed a similar profile to that of IGF-I, although much less pronounced. The observed peak mean IGF-I levels in the second quintiles of insulin and leptin in men supported these findings. No significant variation of mean IGF-I levels across quintiles of insulin and leptin were observed in women.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide evidence that IGF-I plasma concentrations vary substantially over a wide range of body weight and that the relationship is nonlinear.
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