| 1. |
- Heintze, U, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment and evaluation of individual prerequisites for dental education
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Dental Education. - : Wiley. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 8:4, s. 152-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2001 the School of Dentistry of Malmö University in Sweden has used an alternative procedure based on results of an investigation supported by the Swedish Council for the Renewal of Undergraduate Education. The investigation concerned possibilities of predic¬ting school performance on the basis of an interview, as well as tests of general intelligence, spatial ability, manual dexterity, empathy and social competence. Two groups of incoming students were followed from start to completion of their training. Significant relationships were found between 1) number of course examinations failed and poor results on inter¬views, as well as low scores on intelligence, spatial ability, and a test of spatial-manual ability, 2) good results in a pre-clinical course in cavity preparation and high scores on spatial ability, 3) assessments of high social competence during training and good results on interviews, as well as high scores on empathy and non-verbal intelligence. Dropout from the study programme could not be predicted, possibly due to the varying reasons for it.
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| 2. |
- Mattheos, Nikos, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of an Interactive Software Application on The Self-Assessment Ability of Dental Students
- 2004
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Ingår i: European journal of dental education. - : Wiley. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 8:3, s. 97-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A randomised controlled trial was designed to test an Internet-based interactive application as a stand-alone support for the development of self-assessment skills among second-year dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malmo, Sweden. Fifty-two students were randomised into an experimental (n = 26) and a control group (n = 26). Both groups went through four identical learning cases in elementary clinical Periodontology during a period of 1 month. The experimental group received the cases with the interactive software, while the control group received them through a static web page. After the end of the learning phase, both groups were assessed blindly by two assessors during the interactive examination methodology. There was a moderate agreement between the two assessors, but both failed to find any significant differences between the two groups with regard to self-assessment skills and overall performance of the students. Students positively received the Internet support, but several attitude differences were observed between the two groups during the study. Time on task and competence with computers were positively correlated to assessment results for both groups. On the basis of these findings, it remains unclear if computer-based applications with automated feedback can constitute an effective remedial support for the improvement of self-assessment skills of students. In addition, for such applications to be successfully accepted, two factors are critical: students must have a clear perception of the benefits deriving from the use of the software and the use of the software should be integrated in the curriculum, replacing some of the existing workload.
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| 3. |
- Falk Nilsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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1.2 Cognition and learning.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Dental Education. - : Wiley. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 6:Suppl 3, s. 27-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This theme is concerned with the relevance and efficacy of educational methods adopted in dental schools while recognizing the influence of geopolitical issues in different countries and regions. Particular emphasis will be given to examples of best practices and innovations. Cognition and learning are dealt with in many different research areas such as education, psychology, cognitive sciences, brain research, neurolinguistics, gender, etc. and comprise the theoretical foundation for the philosophies, principles and methods underlying the dental education system. Educational methods are many and mixed. This group has used existing knowledge, personal experiences and current literature together with some of the material from the DentEd visits.
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| 4. |
- Mattheos, Nikos, et al.
(författare)
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A virtual classroom for undergraduate periodontology : a pilot study
- 2001
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Ingår i: European journal of dental education. - : Wiley. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 5:4, s. 139-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Integrated Distributed Learning Environments or virtual classrooms constitute a new promising structure in education of health care personnel. A virtual classroom was developed aiming to teach periodontology to an international group of 28 dental students using a problem-based learning (PBL) approach. The course was web-based and included synchronous and asynchronous communication, on-line libraries and multimedia material. Students were organised in 4 independent groups and each group was appointed a tutor. The results of the study indicate that one of the most positive effects students experienced was competence in using the computer. They also rated highly the use of multimedia for learning of clinical procedures. It was found that web boards and email were too slow to allow group work in the virtual classroom. Real time communication programs were found to be superior for problem discussion and hypothesis formulation. However, email and the web board played a significant role during certain steps of the PBL method. The students expressed a positive attitude for the combined use of network-based learning and problem-based education. Our present experience suggests that distance learning should be organised with a mixture of different media, allowing communication of knowledge and skills between the resources and the students, as well as cooperation between the students. Computer literacy among teachers and students is limited and should be enhanced. Finally, personal contact between the resource persons and the students before the distant learning course commences helps the learning process.
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| 5. |
- Mattheos, Nikos, et al.
(författare)
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Distance learning in academic health education
- 2001
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Ingår i: European journal of dental education. - : Wiley. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 5:2, s. 67-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distance learning is an apparent alternative to traditional methods in education of health care professionals. Non-interactive distance learning, interactive courses and virtual learning environments exist as three different generations in distance learning, each with unique methodologies, strengths and potential. Different methodologies have been recommended for distance learning, varying from a didactic approach to a problem-based learning procedure. Accreditation, teamwork and personal contact between the tutors and the students during a course provided by distance learning are recommended as motivating factors in order to enhance the effectiveness of the learning. Numerous assessment methods for distance learning courses have been proposed. However, few studies report adequate tests for the effectiveness of the distance-learning environment. Available information indicates that distance learning may significantly decrease the cost of academic health education at all levels. Furthermore, such courses can provide education to students and professionals not accessible by traditional methods. Distance learning applications still lack the support of a solid theoretical framework and are only evaluated to a limited extent. Cases reported so far tend to present enthusiastic results, while more carefully-controlled studies suggest a cautious attitude towards distance learning. There is a vital need for research evidence to identify the factors of importance and variables involved in distance learning. The effectiveness of distance learning courses, especially in relation to traditional teaching methods, must therefore be further investigated.
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| 6. |
- Mattheos, Nikos, et al.
(författare)
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Local CD-ROM in interaction with HTML documents over the Internet
- 2000
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Ingår i: European journal of dental education. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 4:3, s. 124-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The internet and computer assisted learning have enhanced the possibilities of providing quality distance learning in dentistry. The use of multimedia material is an essential part of such distance learning courses. However the Internet technology available has limitations regarding transmission of large multimedia files. Therefore especially when addressing undergraduate students or geographically isolated professionals, large download times make distance learning unattractive. This problem was technically solved in a distance learning course for undergraduate students from all over Europe. The present communication describes a method to bypass the problem of transmitting large multimedia files by the use of a specially designed CD-ROM. This CD-ROM was run locally on the students' PC interacting with HTML documents sent over the Internet.
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| 7. |
- Schittek Janda, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Computer assisted learning. A review.
- 2001
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Ingår i: European journal of dental education. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 5:3, s. 93-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1980 the amount of medical information has doubled approximately every second year. This implies that oral health students as well as professionals need to manage the flow of information rationally, in order to learn how to undertake evidence-based decision-making for diagnosis and treatment in a given patient situation. Current research indicates that computer connected databases and computer assisted learning (CAL) may enhance learning and provide the clinician with information for decision-making when treating patients. Multimedia for CAL, which combines audio and visual data in an interactive form, has proved to be an effective tool in education. CAL may supplement and reinforce more traditional learning and create opportunities to illustrate clinical situations in an interactive way. CAL has the potential to help students develop skills and knowledge. Students, staff and professionals consider CAL stimulating and motivating. Students easily adapt to CAL although their current computer literacy is still low. New authoring tools make it easier for faculties to develop their own CAL software. In the future we will see more sophisticated software with virtual patients who can communicate and interact with the student in a very realistic way. The software will even "step out" from the screen and help the student with clinical procedures. However, at present CAL should not replace traditional education, but rather be used more as a supplement and for self-directed studies.
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| 8. |
- Schittek Janda, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation Of Patient Encounters Using A Virtual Patient In Periodontology Instruction Of Dental Students : Design, Usability, And Learning Effect In History-Taking Skills
- 2004
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Ingår i: European journal of dental education. - : Wiley. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 8:3, s. 111-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Simulations are important educational tools in the development of health care competence. This study describes a virtual learning environment (VLE) for diagnosis and treatment planning in oral health care. The VLE is a web-based, database application where the learner uses free text communication on the screen to interact with patient data. The VLE contains forms for history taking, clinical images, clinical data and X-rays. After reviewing the patient information, the student proposes therapy and makes prognostic evaluations of the case in free text. A usability test of the application was performed with seven dental students. The usability test showed that the software responded with correct answers to the majority of the free text questions. The application is generic in its basic functions and can be adapted to other dental or medical subject areas. A randomised controlled trial was carried out with 39 students who attended instruction in history taking with problem-based learning cases, lectures and seminars. In addition, 16 of the 39 students were randomly chosen to practise history taking using the virtual patient prior to their first patient encounter. The performance of each student was recorded on video during the patient sessions. The type and order of the questions asked by the student and the degree of empathy displayed towards the patient were analysed systematically on the videos. The data indicate that students who also undertook history taking with a virtual patient asked more relevant questions, spent more time on patient issues, and performed a more complete history interview compared with students who had only undergone standard teaching. The students who had worked with the virtual patient also seemed to have more empathy for the patients than the students who had not. The practising of history taking with a virtual patient appears to improve the capability of dental students to take a relevant oral health history.
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