| 1. |
- Berglund, Aseel, et al.
(författare)
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Using speech and dialogue for interactive TV navigation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 3:3-4, s. 224-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interaction techniques for interactive television (iTV) are currently complex and difficult to use for a wide-range of viewers. Few previous studies have dealt with the potential benefits of multimodal dialogue interaction in the context of iTV for the purpose of flexibility, usability, efficiency, and accessibility. This paper investigates the benefits of introducing speech and connected dialogue for iTV interaction, and presents a case study in which a prototype system was built allowing users to navigate the information space and control the operation of the TV by a speech-based natural language interface. The system was evaluated by analysing the user experience in five categories capturing essential aspects of iTV interaction: interaction style, information load, data access, effectiveness and initiative. Design considerations relevant for speech and dialogue information systems for TV interfaces also emerged from the analysis.
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| 2. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Accomplishing universal access through system reachability : a management perspective
- 2004
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 3:1, s. 96-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe the need of a method by which we can estimate the return on accessibility investments in information technology (IT) systems. This paper reveals some of the reasons why accessibility still is a secondhand criterion when designing digital services. It also describes the authors experiences regarding the concept of accessibility and how it must develop in order to obtain the status of a basic business criterion for the benefit of disabled people who are currently excluded from public services and labour markets. The paper also questions the need of a separate accessibility standard. Additionally, we discuss some of the hindering in the market and limiting perspectives that are blocking further development. One of the problems in the market seems to be that accessibility as a concept has been more of an issue about creating equal opportunities and therefore probably does not have the quality of a business criterion. In order to bridge that gap, we argue for replacing accessibility with reachability, which is a concept based on a measure used by media when estimating the reached percentage of a population or target group.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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The software accessibility of human-computer interfaces : ISO Technical Specification 16071
- 2004
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 3:1, s. 6-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the recently published Technical Specification ISO 16071 from the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), along with the process through which the document has been developed. ISO TS 16071 contains guidelines on designing accessible software. This paper also relates the activities within ISO to other ongoing standardisation activities, within, for example, W3C and ETSI. Scope, contents, guidelines and the definition of accessibility in ISO 16071 are discussed in relation to other definitions. Finally, the process of turning the technical specification (TS) into an international standard (IS) is discussed.
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