| 1. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Accessibility to electronic communication for people with cognitive disabilities : a systematic search and review of empiricla evidence
- 2014
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to identify and synthesize measures for accessibility to electronic communication for people with cognitive disabilities by seeking answers to the following research questions: What measures to make electronic communication accessible to people with cognitive disabilities are evaluated and reported in the scientific literature? What documented effects do these measures have? Empirical studies describing and assessing cognitive accessibility measures were identified by searches of 13 databases. Data were extracted and methodological quality was assessed. Findings were analyzed and recommendations for practice and research were made. Twenty-nine articles with considerable variations in studied accessibility measures, diagnoses, methods, outcome measures, and quality were included. They address the use of Internet, e-mail, telephone, chat, television, multimedia interfaces, texts and pictures, operation of equipment, and entering of information. Although thin, the current evidence base indicates that the accessibility needs, requirements, and preferences of people with cognitive disabilities are diverse. This ought to be reflected in accessibility guidelines and standards. Studies to systematically develop and recommend effective accessibility measures are needed to address current knowledge gaps.
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| 2. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Guiding situated method transfer in design and evaluation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 14:2, s. 151-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose is to suggest guidelines for supporting the transfer of design and evaluation methods from one organization/field/sector to another. There exist a variety of methods for designing and evaluating interactive socio-technical systems. Many of them have been developed for dedicated purposes, such as heuristic evaluation, referring to specific situations and artifacts. Due to the recent diversification of devices and the continuing diffusion of society with interactive systems, applying design and evaluation methods in an effective and efficient way has become crucial, in particular when operating under tight economic conditions and demanding user constraints. Learning from other projects, cases, disciplines or sectors seems to be one way to effectively apply methods in design and evaluation. In order to validate the suggested guidelines, the guidelines are theoretically informed and empirically supported by the use of a case study. The results consist of a set of seven guidelines for method transfer. The guidelines are described in terms of questions to ask, expected input and expected output and how they relate to the other guidelines. Transferring methods require an informed procedure, reflecting the rationale of methods, application-specific factors and experience of use. In this paper, some conceptual foundations are given when exploring transferability of methods and implemented in the field of IT cross-sector developments. The developed guidelines allow developers to identify situation-specific elements and design an effective learning experience for a case at hand. The introduced content structure and interactive features show an effective way of developer support.
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| 3. |
- Stary, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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Method transfer across domains and disciplines : enriching universal access development
- 2013
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 14:2, s. 145-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Universal access development procedures refer to the systematic effort to proactively apply principles and tools applicable to universal design, in order to construct accessible and usable interactive systems in various domains. They rely on principles, methods, and tools from accessibility engineering, usability engineering, and user experience.
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| 4. |
- Thomas, Kavita Elisheba, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Atlas.txt: Exploring Linguistic Grounding Techniques for Communicating Spatial Information to Blind Users
- 2012
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 11:1, s. 85-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes exploratory research into automatically describing geo-referenced information to blindpeople. The goal is to produce texts giving an overview describing the spatial layout, and a central concern of such textsis that they employ an appropriate linguistic reference frame which enables blind hearers to ground the information. Wehypothesise that (1) directly perceivable reference frames are easier to ground and also that (2) spatial descriptionsdrawn from composite reference frame systems composed of more than one reference frame are easier to ground. Anexperiment exploring text comprehension on a range of texts employing different reference frame systems is presented.The main results indicate that the second hypothesis is supported. A prototype of a natural language generation systemwhich generates texts describing geo-referenced information from data is described.
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| 5. |
- Thomas, Kavita Elisheba, 1974-
(författare)
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Investigation of Age-Differentiated Spatial Semantic Elaboration Strategies for Communicating Route Instructions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 12:2, s. 175-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the effect of spatial semantic elaboration strategies on young and older participants' performance and preferences in a route drawing task where participants read route instructions and then drew the route on a map. In particular, an elaborated form of spatial perspective that communicated the route instruction in both egocentric and allocentric perspectives was compared against just the egocentric or allocentric perspective instructions individually.Additionally, route instruction granularity was varied to compare elaborated hierarchical instructions which communicated goal and landmark information with flat instructions. The results of the experiment showed that older participants performed best with least confusion in the allocentric perspective with flat granularity, but that they benefited from semantic elaboration when less optimal spatial strategies were used, unlike young participants who performed best with the mixed (i.e., elaborated) perspective and flat granularity. The experiment showed that older participants actually suffered from what might be information overload when excess semantic elaboration was provided, as was likely the case with the use of the mixed perspective, which confused them considerably. In addition, hierarchical granularity was only beneficial in confusing spatial perspectives, while it detracted from older participants' performance in their optimal perspective, showing that there is a fine balance to be struck between beneficial semantic elaboration and information overload.
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| 6. |
- Tsekleves, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating pay-as-you-go to address issues of trust, privacy and security around media use at home
- 2013
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 12:2, s. 217-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the use of a pay-as-you-go (PAYG) concept as a means of addressing issues of trust, privacy, billing and security around media in the home. The findings are based on a study conducted in 2007 and 2008, looking at the media-use habits of 27 families in the Greater London area. The study investigated attitudes towards uses of various forms of media within the home environment, with a particular emphasis on television (TV). To facilitate the study, a rapid prototype of an experimental home media device was produced, asking participants to use and respond to it. The key findings show the desirability of devices and services that incorporate a payment system which would help in regulating spending and allow household members to manage their own media purchases. The PAYG concept was well received by study participants as a means to prevent unauthorised spending and help manage costs. Participants were also enthusiastic about more transparent billing mechanisms and the possibility of monitoring the TV and media use of younger household members.
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| 7. |
- Yang, Yi-Fan, et al.
(författare)
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An improved Web search engine for visually impaired users
- 2012
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 11:2, s. 113-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Google search engine was studied as a Web prototype to be modified and improved for blind users. A Specialized Search Engine for the Blind (SSEB) was developed with an accessible interface and improved functions (searching assistance functions, user-centered functions, and specialized design for the blind). An experiment was conducted with twelve participants, both blind and sighted, to verify the effects of SSEB. The performance was better with the SSEB than with the Google search engine, and the participants also showed higher satisfactions with the SSEB. Interface considerations for designing an accessible Web site for blind users are important. The users of SSEB could in the future be expanded to include most, if not all, visually impaired people, since the World Wide Web and all Internet resources should ideally be accessible to everyone.
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