| 1. |
- Demirci, Umit, et al.
(författare)
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Urovaginal fistula formation after gynaecological and obstetric surgical procedures: Clinical experiences in a Scandinavian series.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2065 .- 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 47:2, s. 140-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. The aim of this retrospective study was to review what kinds of surgical procedures are most frequently complicated by urovaginal fistulae, to find out how they were diagnosed and managed, and to study the outcome after surgical reconstruction. Material and methods. Nineteen women who underwent fistula repair at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between 2003 and 2009 were retrospectively studied by reviewing the medical records. Results. For 17 of the 19 patients hysterectomy was the causative procedure. Fourteen patients developed vesicovaginal and five developed ureterovaginal fistula. Urethrocystoscopy was sufficient for the diagnosis in nearly 50% of the patients and when combined with methylene blue instillation 90% of all fistulae were found. Several patients sought medical advice due to vaginal leakage following gynaecological surgery without the doctor suspecting a fistula, and for these patients the diagnosis was delayed. Eighteen patients were operated on with an abdominal approach and one with a vaginal approach, in all cases a minimum of 3 months after primary surgery. The reconstruction technique included the interposition of vascularized tissue. None of the patients reported leakage or relapse at follow-up after fistula repair. Conclusions. Hysterectomy was the most common cause behind the formation of urovaginal fistulae. Misinterpretation of symptoms after gynaecological surgery was common even in cases where the symptoms were indicative of a urovaginal fistula. Delayed fistula repair after a minimum of 3 months, via the abdominal route and with the interposition of vascularized tissue, yielded an excellent final outcome.
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| 2. |
- Logadottir, Yr, et al.
(författare)
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Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis ESSIC type 3C : High expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in inflammatory cells
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813 .- 1651-2065. ; 47:1, s. 52-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) includes a heterogeneous collection of underlying pathological conditions. Compared to the classic IC with a Hunner lesion, now denominated ESSIC type 3C, the non-Hunner type of BPS/IC appears different in a number of respects. In a previous study, measuring luminal nitric oxide (NO) in the bladder of patients with BPS/IC, it was reported that all patients with ESSIC type 3C had high levels of NO. The aim of the present study was to investigate the source of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and thereby the cellular origin of NO production via iNOS. Material and methods. Immunohistochemistry, with two different anti-iNOS antibodies, was used to study10 patients with BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C who expressed high levels of intraluminal NO. These results were compared with four patients with non-Hunner BPS/IC. To substantiate further the involvement of iNOS in this condition, the protein expression of nitrotyrosine, a marker for iNOS activation, was also assessed. Results. On routine histopathology, the tissues of type 3C patients exhibited inflammatory infiltrates of varying intensity. Strong immunoreactivity for both iNOS and nitrotyrosine was noted within the urothelium but also within the inflammatory infiltrates in the lamina propria of these subjects. Conclusions. The findings of a clearly detectable protein expression of iNOS in both the urothelium and the inflammatory infiltrates in bladder biopsies from patients with BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C suggest that the production of NO, in this entity, may occur in different tissue compartments.
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| 3. |
- Olsson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Population-based study on prognostic factors for recurrence and progression in primary stage T1 bladder tumours
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065 .- 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 47:3, s. 188-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Stage T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) exhibits heterogeneous clinical behaviour, and the treatment is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors for UCB in a defined, population-based cohort comprising patients with a first time diagnosis of primary stage T1 UCB.Material and methods. The study population initially consisted of 285 patients with primary stage T1 UCB reported to the regional Bladder Cancer Registry in the Southeast Healthcare Region of Sweden from 1992 to 2001. The histological specimens were re-evaluated concerning stage, substaging of T1, World Health Organization (WHO) grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), tumour volume and total resected volume. Hospital records provided data on tumour size and multiplicity, occurrence of possible relapse and/or progression, death from UCB and whether treatment was given.Results. After re-evaluation, the study population comprised 211 patients. The median follow-up time was 60 months. LVI was a prognostic factor for UCB progression and recurrence. Tumour size larger than 30 mm and multiplicity increased the risk of recurrence. T1 substaging, tumour volume and total resected volume were not associated with recurrence or tumour progression.Conclusions. LVI is significantly correlated with progression and recurrence in patients with primary stage T1 UCB. Therefore, the presence of LVI should be evaluated in every new case of T1 UCB.
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| 4. |
- Stranne, Johan, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of age and changes over time on erectile dysfunction: Results from two large cross-sectional surveys 11 years apart.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2065 .- 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 47:3, s. 198-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective.The aim was to explore how erectile dysfunction (ED) correlates with increasing age and a number of demographic, physical and lifestyle factors. Material and methods. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample (10 458) of men living in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1992. The men were from the age cohorts 45, 50, 55 years, etc., up to the age of 85 or older. An analogous survey was sent to a random sample (10 845) of men of age cohorts 46, 51, 56 years, etc., in 2003. The prevalence of ED from the different age cohorts assessed on the two specific occasions 11 years apart was compared with a number of factors. Results.The response rates were 74.2% in 1992 and 68.7% in 2003. Within each survey the rate of ED increased with age at the same time as sexual activity decreased. This was paralleled by an increase in concomitant morbidity, intake of medications and alcohol consumption. The proportion of smokers and body mass index (BMI) decreased and the frequency of physical exercise increased until the age cohorts 70-71 years (1992) and 80-81 years (2003). Comparing the surveys, there was increased ED and decreased sexual activity over time despite an increase in exercise and decrease in smoking. In a multivariate analysis age, living alone, concomitant medication and smoking were the factors that significantly affected the risk of reporting ED. Conclusion. Despite a seemingly healthier lifestyle in 2003 compared with 1992, the rate of ED increased in the population, highlighting the importance of assessing lifestyle factors when examining ED patients.
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| 5. |
- Wallerstedt, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Patient and tumour-related factors for prediction of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2065 .- 0036-5599 .- 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; epub ahead
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to identify preoperative patient and tumour-related factors associated with 12 months postoperative urinary incontinence. Material and methods. In total, 1529 men who had undergone radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer between September 2008 and February 2010 at 15 Swedish hospitals completed a questionnaire before, 3 and 12 months after surgery. Urinary leakage, comorbidity and possible confounders were measured by self-administered validated questionnaires. Clinical data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. The primary outcome, incontinence, was defined as the change of one pad or more per day. The ratio of proportions, estimated according to the log-binomial regression model, was analysed for 38 different factors and is presented as relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Age-adjusted relative risk was calculated in the corresponding bivariate regression model. Results. Prospective data were available from 1360 men (response rate 89%). Results showed that age at surgery predicts long-term urinary incontinence exponentially. Patients reporting urinary leakage before prostate cancer diagnosis had an age-adjusted relative risk of 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.3-2.4) for incontinence 12 months postoperatively. No statistically significant correlation was found between previous transurethral resection of the prostate, high body mass index or the other 34 evaluated factors and postoperative incontinence. Conclusions. Of 38 possible risk factors only age at surgery and preoperative urinary leakage were associated with 12 months postoperative incontinence in this study comprising 1360 men operated with radical prostatectomy. These findings may help the surgeon to have a targeted risk conversation with the patient before the treatment decision is made.
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| 6. |
- Andreasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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High revision rate following artificial urethral sphincter implantation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1813 .- 2168-1805. ; 48:6, s. 544-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. In severe cases of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), with sphincter dysfunction, the artificial urinary sphincter AMS 800™ may be the last solution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical intervention for SUI with the AMS 800 in patients who were treated at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg. The primary aim of the study was to determine the complications related to the operation. Material and methods. A retrospective follow-up was done by reviewing medical records. The material comprised 97 men, who underwent their first AMS 800 implantation between May 1997 and June 2010 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Results. The revision rate was 28%, including an infection rate of 3% and an erosion rate of 7%. The mean follow-up for revised patients was 3 years. The median time until revision was 1 year. Seventy-five per cent of all patients were satisfied with the operation at 6 months' follow-up. Radical prostatectomy was the reason behind incontinence in 84% of patients in this series. Conclusion. The results clearly demonstrate a need for revision procedures in a considerable proportion of patients implanted with an AMS 800 device. Patient satisfaction was high, but although this operation has extremely low mortality it has its complications and the system will need to be replaced in time.
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| 7. |
- Bratt, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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The Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS) : A randomized study comparing two different follow-up schedules for active surveillance of low-risk prostate cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 47:5, s. 347-355
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Only a minority of patients with low-risk prostate cancer needs treatment, but the methods for optimal selection of patients for treatment are not established. This article describes the Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS), which aims to improve those methods. Material and methods. SAMS is a prospective, multicentre study of active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. It consists of a randomized part comparing standard rebiopsy and follow-up with an extensive initial rebiopsy coupled with less intensive follow-up and no further scheduled biopsies (SAMS-FU), as well as an observational part (SAMS-ObsQoL). Quality of life is assessed with questionnaires and compared with patients receiving primary curative treatment. SAMS-FU is planned to randomize 500 patients and SAMS-ObsQoL to include at least 500 patients during 5 years. The primary endpoint is conversion to active treatment. The secondary endpoints include symptoms, distant metastases and mortality. All patients will be followed for 10-15 years. Results. Inclusion started in October 2011. In March 2013, 148 patients were included at 13 Swedish urological centres. Conclusions. It is hoped that the results of SAMS will contribute to fewer patients with indolent, low-risk prostate cancer receiving unnecessary treatment and more patients on active surveillance who need treatment receiving it when the disease is still curable. The less intensive investigational follow-up in the SAMS-FU trial would reduce the healthcare resources allocated to this large group of patients if it replaced the present standard schedule.
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| 8. |
- Brehmer, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional computed tomography planning improves percutaneous stone surgery
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1813 .- 2168-1805. ; 48:3, s. 316-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivePercutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) has become the gold standard for treatment of renal stones larger than 2 cm. To optimize the surgical procedure a method for meticulous preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) planning was developed and analysed. The aim of this study was to evaluate how 3D-CT influenced the choice of access route and treatment outcome.Material and methodsPatients planned for PCNL were included in a prospective study. Decision algorithms were studied and recorded before and after 3D-CT planning in a total of 35 patients.ResultsThirty-one of the patients (88%) had a complex stone situation. The CT examinations resulted in change of access plan in 15 out of 28 patients, in addition to seven patients where access could not be planned without 3D-CT, totalling 22 out of 35 (63%). This resulted in 24 patients (69%) being stone free after a single PCNL session. Of these 24 patients, 22 (22/35 = 63%) were stone free with one dilated access track only. In 16 of the 24 patients (76%) who were stone free after one PCNL procedure, evaluation of the 3D-CT images had changed the initial preoperative planning (10 cases) or made planning possible (six cases). A few patients had thoracic complications but there were no cases with bleeding.ConclusionsPreoperative planning of complex stone situations with 3D-CT had a significant impact on operative procedure, resulting in a low number of access punctures.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Elzanaty, Saad
(författare)
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Varicocele repair in non-obstructive azoospermic men: diagnostic value of testicular biopsy - A meta-analysis.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1813 .- 2168-1805. ; 48:6, s. 494-498
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Azoospermia is observed in 10-15% of infertile men and 60% of these cases are classified as having non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). NOA results from testicular failure, and one of the causes of this is the presence of varicocele. Varicocele is found in 5-10% of men with NOA and its repair is associated with the appearance of spermatozoa in the ejaculate in 21-55% of cases. This review discusses the diagnostic value of testicular biopsy on the outcome of varicocele repair in terms of appearance of spermatozoa in the ejaculate in men with NOA and normal genetic testing. Ninety men met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in the review. The histopathological assessment of testicular biopsies revealed hypospermatogenesis in 30 out of 90 (33%), maturation arrest in 26 out of 90 (29%) and Sertoli cell only in 34 out of 90 (38%). Following varicocele repair, spermatozoa were detected in the ejaculate in 18 of 30 (60%) of men with hypospermatogenesis; 12 of 26 (46%) of those with maturation arrest; and one of 34 (3%) of those with Sertoli cell only. Regarding men with maturation arrest, varicocele repair was successful only in those men who were classified as having arrest at the spermatid stage. In conclusion, based on the best available evidence, diagnostic testicular biopsy seems to be of great value before varicocele repair in men with NOA and normal genetic testing. The best results of varicocele repair are observed in those men with hypospermatogenesis revealed by testicular biopsy or maturation arrest at the spermatid stage.
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