| 1. |
- Blomé, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Communicating and learning maritime safety culture - development and evaluation of a didactic design based on an interactive module
- 2013
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1654-1642 .- 1651-436X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To be able to disseminate knowledge about maritime safety culture and safety management to different actors in the Swedish maritime sector, a didactic design was developed and evaluated. The didactic design includes an interactive scenario-based module and a teacher’s guide and is based on a model for experience-based learning that connects theory and practice by a cyclic approach. Students at upper-secondary maritime schools were chosen as a user group and the didactic design was adapted for them. The didactic design was tested in a classroom setting including interaction with the students and a follow- up 1 week later. The didactic design was successful in immediately creating a relevant discussion about safety culture, and the student group could, on the whole, remember and describe all scenarios a week after the presentation of the material. The results were overall positive regarding usability and user experience with a potential for further development and implementations. The participating teacher at the school was also very positive and felt he would be able to apply the didactic design with support of the teacher’s guide.
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| 2. |
- Bruno, Karl, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Virtually being there: Human aspects of shore-based ship assistance
- 2010
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:1, s. 81-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shore-based ship assistance is a topic that increasingly is attracting attention from the maritime community. Subjects such as shore-based pilotage and VTS are often discussed and there is technological and political pressure towards more extensive forms of such assistance. Perhaps less often mentioned, but not less important, is the human side of these subjects. The present paper examines two of the central concerns for the people who actually work within today's VTS centers, namely communication and trust. The study consisted of a literature review, study visits, observations and interviews. Communication and trust are found to be closely related, and one main finding is that adapting one's means of communication to the context can be a very powerful (and necessary) tool for the creation of trust. Another important result is that the ability of the shore-based operator to see the situation from the viewpoint of the crew is crucial for the creation and maintenance of trust.
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| 3. |
- Horck, Jan
(författare)
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The gender perspective in maritime education and training
- 2010
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:1, s. 93-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to show if and how European maritime education and training institutions have met the increasing enrolment of women, and how shipping in general has reacted to gender equality. WMU has partly been the source for finding data related to studies in a multicultural and gender (minority) mixture of students and professors. In addition to a questionnaire to maritime education and training institutions, unstructured conversations with WMU students and professors have contributed to fact findings.Apparently, there is more to be done in order to have women compete on a level playing field in the sphere of shipping. Shipping is historically male dominated and conservative, so it is well understood that there are ropes to be untied.In this article, there are examples on how stakeholders in society have introduced policies on how to meet diversities. It is recommended that universities seriously pursue this trend.I wish to appeal to educational institutions to publish a university policy on the gender perspective and diversity management in general. The policy must be in writing in order for staff and students to understand and remember the content of the policy. This is an issue that should follow the quality assurance aims and goals and should be posted in a public place within the university’s premises for everybody to be reminded.
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| 4. |
- Ljung, Margareta, 1945-
(författare)
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Function Based Manning and Aspects of Flexibility
- 2010
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:1, s. 121-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the article is to examine the concept of flexibility from a shipping perspective. Flexibility is examined in order to develop strategies, theoretical and applicable, in the field of Function Based Manning (FBM), for achieving optimized manning, which is not the same as reduced manning, with a healthy crew. This is a complex concept in many aspects. Based on research on working life and work organizations conducted by social scientists, two aspects of flexibility are examined; functional flexibility including job enrichment and competence training, and working time flexibility. These issues are analyzed from a shipping perspective. The concept is double-edged in the sense that it entails both having flexibility and being flexible. Does flexibility only serve the interests of the employer? Or, do workers also benefit from flexibility? By combining these two aspects of flexibility, a win-win situation benefiting both employers and employees can be achieved. This article highlights and discusses strategies intended to promote the implementation of amodel of optimized manning.
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| 5. |
- Ljung, Margareta, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Functions, performances and perceptions of work on ships
- 2014
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 13:2, s. 231-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demands for greater efficiency and increased profitability in shipping have increased with hardened competition. In recent years major reductions in manning have been made. When the STCW Convention was revised in 1995, this led to changes in terms of the organization of work on board. By using a functional approach, it became possible to handle current demands that all tasks on board are founded on competency-based skills. This article reports the results from an investigation of work functions performed on board ships. The aim was to investigate how these functions are performed today and how marine officers perceived this. Main questions were as follows: How do officers handle the working situation with a reduced crew? Which job functions do they have and how are these performed? How do officers experience the work situation on board? Field studies, involving participant observation and interviews on various types of vessels were conducted and issues were illuminated and analyzed from a socio-technical perspective. The results revealed some specific areas. Reduced crews highlight the need for the right kind of knowledgeable people. Not everyone can be good at everything, maybe not even within their own profession. The predominating issue is about the increased administrative work and the lack of skills development. A continuous professional development should be part of the work and a planned activity. Vessel crews are trying to create flexible solutions for performing the work on board. They are doing this in various ways, depending on the number of the crew, the leadership and the specific vessel culture.
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| 6. |
- Lundh, Monica, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Evacuation in Practice - Observations from Five Full Scale Exercises
- 2010
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:2, s. 137-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evacuating a ship is a difficult task which normally is performed under severe anddemanding conditions, exposing both crew members and passengers on board to anextreme and demanding situation. To be prepared for an incident happening on boardand shouldering this responsibility is part of the everyday reality of the crew members’work situation. This study reports the results from observations made on board fivepassenger ships performing full scale exercises with participants acting as passengers.The results pointed out four problem areas; the safety organization, the ability to performtasks, the handling of life vests and communication. These areas represented anuncertainty in the requirements associated with the crew members’ role in the safetyorganization implied. There was also evidence of difficulties in the crews’ performing ofdifferent tasks, problems with donning life vests and insufficient communication. Thecrew member groups on board differ in their skills and knowledge to handle an evacuationsituation. These groups need to be studied separately and systematically in order todetermine how they comprehend their work situation and what their needs of preparationand training are in order to feel content with meeting the demands of their role inthe safety organization.
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| 7. |
- Prison, Johannes, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Ship sense - striving for harmony in ship manoeuvring
- 2013
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 12:1, s. 115-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ship manoeuvring is something that many seafarers perform, although little attention has been devoted to this in research literature. The topic has generally been explained by members of the trade as gaining knowledge through experience. The purpose of this study was to identify which factors contribute to the perceived state of a ship’s physical condition during manoeuvring. Eight master mariners were interviewed. The data resulted in a division of a sea voyage into three different phases, each requiring varying levels of effort from the bridge crew. The results further describe how the shiphandler strives for harmony between his ship and the environment. This is accomplished by personal factors such as spatial awareness, knowledge and experience to handle environmental factors of context, situation andvessel specific factors of inertia and the use of navigational instruments.
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| 8. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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A systemic review of shipboard SCR installations in practice
- 2013
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 12:1, s. 63-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing customer demands and more stringent regulations to reduce harmful air emissions from ships have resulted in an increased interest for the installation of shipboard abatement technologies. Specifically, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was early adopted by several Swedish shipping companies. The potential NOx reduction efficiency of the SCR is well established, but the practical experiences of shipboard installations have been less documented. This paper reviews from a systems perspective the practical experiences of marine SCR installations in Swedish shipping. The aim is to identify important not only technical but also human and organizational conditions necessary for safe, efficient, and sustainable SCR operations at sea. Further, to investigate to what extent the capabilities and limitations of human operators and maintainers are taken into account in the design and installation phase of the systems. Two focus group interviews (n010) and five individual interviews were held with relevant stakeholders in the industry, following a semi-structured schedule on the themes installation, operation, maintenance, and training. The results show that deficiencies in the overall system design—with a combination of technical issues, maintenance access problems, and untrained operators with inadequate understanding of the SCR process—have led to inefficient, costly, and unsafe operations. It is concluded that installations and operations of marine SCR systems, and possibly other forthcoming abatement technologies, would benefit from the use of traditional ergonomic principles and methods. This would in turn contribute towards increased sustainability and a reduced environmental impact from shipping.
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| 9. |
- Österman, Cecilia, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Maritime Ergonomics from a Bottom Line Perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:2, s. 153-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present paper reports a study composed of three research activities exploring theeconomics of ergonomics in a shipping context. First, a literature study aimed to reviewprevious studies on the economics of ergonomics in general and within the maritimedomain in particular; and moreover, to ascertain the key ergonomic factors addressedin contemporary maritime ergonomic research. Second, the concept of ergonomics wasprobed from a stakeholder perspective through nine semi-structured qualitative interviews.Third, structured interviews were held with representatives of ten Swedish shippingcompanies to investigate if the shipowners are aware of and calculate the economiceffects of ergonomics.The results show that severalmodels and methods have been developed to estimate costsand benefits of ergonomics in other industries, but no studies were found from the shippingindustry.Whether these methods can be readily adapted to the shipping industry hasto be investigated further. While contemporary maritime ergonomic literature showed afocus on physical ergonomic and health and safety issues, the results of the stakeholderinterviews indicated a focus on organizational ergonomics. The Swedish shipownerscalculate the costs of sick-leave, but do not estimate the economic effects of ergonomicson a regular basis.
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| 10. |
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