| 1. |
- Aylward, Katie A, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation of low-level automation navigation functions upon vessel traffic services work practices
- 2020
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 19:3, s. 313-335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sea Traffic Management (STM) Validation Project is a European-based initiative with ambitions to improve maritime safety and efficiency through information sharing in real time. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the “STM services,” which can be categorized as low-level automated functions designed to improve information exchange between ship and shore. Full-scale simulated scenarios were developed and tested on 16 professional vessel traffic service (VTS) operators comparing VTS operations as they are today with the added STM functionality. Data collection involved observations which assessed the frequency and type of interactions between ships and VTS, followed by questionnaires to provide an overall assessment of the user experience. The results indicate that the frequency and method of communication patterns between VTS operators and ships will be affected by the integration of the STM services. Additional access to navigational information could change the role of VTS operators in traffic situations compared with traditional operations. This paper discusses the findings from a socio-technical systems perspective while also addressing the individual STM services and their potential impact on VTS operations. This research provides valuable information for European VTS centers that could be affected by the implementation of e-Navigation and, specifically, the STM services.
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| 2. |
- Lindborg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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The costs of icebreaking services: an estimation based on Swedish data
- 2020
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 19:1, s. 125-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In winter, the sea around Sweden and Finland as well as parts of the waters around Canada, Russia and the USA become ice covered, and ships may require assistance from icebreakers to proceed to their destinations. This paper accordingly analyses the cost structure and estimates the cost of icebreaking operations at sea, including the costs of external effects of the icebreakers’ emissions, and analyses the consequences of different pricing schemes for financing icebreaking services. A regression analysis was carried out based on data from icebreaking services in Sweden over 14 winters from 2001/2002 to 2015/2016. The social marginal cost of an average assistance operation (which may involve more than one ship) is estimated at EUR 6476 and for each assisted ship EUR 5304. The same cost is EUR 907 per running hour for the icebreakers and EUR 1990 per hour a ship is assisted. Each additional nautical mile sailed by an icebreaker costs society EUR 141 and each assisted nautical mile EUR 234. The marginal cost is found not to be related to winter severity. Despite the significant social marginal costs, not including large fixed costs, icebreaking in Sweden and Finland is free of charge. The advantages and disadvantages of four pricing models that can be applied to cover at least parts of the costs to society are discussed. All models could create new distortions, but a price per assisted hour may be worth applying in practice.
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| 3. |
- Sederlin, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of near-coastal bathymetry using AIS ship movements
- 2024
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In near coastal environments, nautical charts provide crucial information for navigation and routing both in real-time operations and during planning stages. The cost of data collection as well as capacity constraints in the processing pipeline make reliable bathymetric information in such areas sparse. Prioritization rules can help guide the efforts to where information is the most valuable. AIS data provide accounts of real ship movements, indicating both desirable paths and minimum depths. We propose a statistical model for combining sparse bathymetric soundings with AIS observations for improved prediction of depths for generation of feasible transportation corridors. The method relies on viewing AIS draughts as censored observations of the true depth. A case-study is performed for the southern archipelago of Gothenburg using the program R-INLA. The non-stationarity caused by having boundaries with known (zero) depth and holes (land) in the domain is handled through discretization. Varying amounts of AIS data, ranging from none to 1824 observations, are used in the experiments. Results show predicted depths within the range of data values, and that inclusion of AIS data serve to push the field down to ensure that traverseable areas are predicted as such revealing corridors in narrow passages where bathymetric soundings are lacking.
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| 4. |
- Sellberg, Charlott, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Guest editorial
- 2023
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Sellberg, Charlott, 1974
(författare)
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Pedagogical dilemmas in dynamic assessment situations: perspectives on video data from simulator-based competence tests
- 2020
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Ingår i: Wmu Journal of Maritime Affairs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 19:4, s. 493-508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates navigation instructors' explanations of dynamic assessment practices during simulator-based competency tests, adopting a video-stimulated recall method. Episodes of authentic video materials from simulator-based competency tests are selected and subjected to interaction analysis. In the next step, the episodes are used for conducting stimulated recall interviews with navigation instructors (n = 11) in two focus groups. The results reveal the dynamic nature of assessing competence as well as how instructors participating in focus groups identified and critically discussed a variety of pedagogical dilemmas related to these dynamics. These are related to aspects that relate to what constitutes a valid exam question, how to assess students' responses, and consistency and fairness of competence tests. In particular, the results indicate the complexity of conducting valid and reliable assessments of knowledge-in-action in situ as well as how thoughtful scenario designs could reduce inconsistencies and unequal treatment of students. The results also highlight how a repeated and collaborative viewing of videos was helpful for instructors to identify potential problems in the dynamic assessment situations they viewed. The implications of the results highlight the need for conducting high-stake assessments for maritime certificates based only on observable behavior and video records of competence tests rather than during ongoing simulator tests. Lastly, the need for continuous and structured pedagogical development of instructors is identified in order to support their complex work of training and assessing competence.
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| 6. |
- Viktorelius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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An overview of sociotechnical research on maritime energy efficiency
- 2022
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Ingår i: Wmu Journal of Maritime Affairs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 21, s. 387-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A qualitative synthesis is presented covering the literature on operational energy efficiency in shipping based on research from a sociotechnical perspective. Three themes were identified, using thematic analysis, as particularly significant for the management of energy: (i) cooperation, communication, and knowledge sharing between stakeholders; (ii) organizational information processing (cognitive bottlenecks and sense making practices); and (iii) professional education and training. We conclude that while previous research has uncovered many of the barriers to increasing energy efficiency, few studies have examined the interdependence of practices and technologies underlying organizational cognitive systems and change. The identified research gap calls for more longitudinal process-based case studies investigating the design, implementation, and use of information technologies supporting organizational planning and decision-making required for improving energy efficiency.
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| 7. |
- Wiig, Astrid Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Reviewing simulator-based training and assessment in maritime education: a topic modelling approach for tracing conceptual developments
- 2023
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 22, s. 143-164
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reviews literature of simulation-based training and assessment to trace conceptual developments in maritime education and training (MET). Our aim is to highlight and examine the historical trajectory of salient topics in MET with the goal of help developing the field forward. The investigation is based on articles published from 1961 to 2021 (n=87) on simulation-based training and assessment in maritime academic journals. The first review of its kind in MET, the study combines quantitative topic modelling and qualitative content analyses of exemplary texts. Our study investigates: (a) how training and assessment in simulations are conceptualised in MET research and (b) how these conceptualisations have developed over the decades. Our review reveals an educational field dominated by human factors research and dedicated to upholding industry standards. Moreover, adopting quantitative text mining we identified four prominent topics in the literature. These revolve around management of resources, academic performance, simulator training and authentic assessment. A more in-depth qualitative content analysis of the model, tracing conceptual developments over time, suggests that the word ‘learning’ occurs for the first time in 1980. As a concept for scientific inquiry, learning does not gain prominence in the literature on simulation in MET before 2021. Our results suggest some future directions of research and offer a methodological framework for future reviews in maritime affairs that combines quantitative topic modelling with qualitative content analysis.
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