| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Blinding integrity of dorsomedial prefrontal intermittent theta burst stimulation in depression
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1697-2600 .- 2174-0852. ; 23:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The antidepressant effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is partly placebo, making blinding integrity important. Blinding of high-frequency rTMS and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) has been reported as successful at study end. However, blinding integrity at study start is rarely reported. The aim of this study was to investigate blinding integrity during a treatment course of iTBS over the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) in depression.Methods: Forty-nine patients with depression from a double-blind-designed randomized controlled trial (NCT02905604) were included. Patients received either active or sham iTBS over the DMPFC with a placebo coil. The sham group received iTBS-synchronized transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.Results: After one session, 74% of participants were able to correctly guess their treatment allocation. This was above chance level (p = 0.001). The percentage dropped to 64% and 56% after the fifth and last sessions. Belong-ing to the active group influenced the choice to guess "active" (odds ratio: 11.7, 95% CI 2.5-53.7). A higher treat-ment intensity of the sham treatment increased the probability to guess "active", but pain did not influence the choice.Conclusions: Blinding integrity in iTBS trials must be investigated at study start to avoid uncontrolled confounding. Better sham methods are needed.
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| 2. |
- Eisenbeck, Nikolett, et al.
(författare)
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An international study on psychological coping during COVID-19 : Towards a meaning-centered coping style
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1697-2600 .- 2174-0852. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objective: This study examined the role of different psychological coping mechanisms in mental and physical health during the initial phases of the COVID-19 crisis with an emphasis on meaning-centered coping.Method: A total of 11,227 people from 30 countries across all continents participated in the study and completed measures of psychological distress (depression, stress, and anxiety), loneliness, well-being, and physical health, together with measures of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, and a measure called the Meaning-centered Coping Scale (MCCS) that was developed in the present study. Validation analyses of the MCCS were performed in all countries, and data were assessed by multilevel modeling (MLM).Results: The MCCS showed a robust one-factor structure in 30 countries with good test-retest, concurrent and divergent validity results. MLM analyses showed mixed results regarding emotion and problem-focused coping strategies. However, the MCCS was the strongest positive predictor of physical and mental health among all coping strategies, independently of demographic characteristics and country-level variables.Conclusions: The findings suggest that the MCCS is a valid measure to assess meaning-centered coping. The results also call for policies promoting effective coping to mitigate collective suffering during the pandemic.
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| 3. |
- Griep, Yannick, et al.
(författare)
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Feeling stressed and depressed? : A three-wave follow-up study of the beneficial effects of voluntary work
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1697-2600 .- 2174-0852. ; 23:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While symptoms of stress are a major risk factor in the onset of depressive symptoms and major depression, a better understanding of intervening mechanisms in breaking down this positive association is urgently required. It is within this literature that we investigate (1) how symptoms of stress are associated with depressive symptoms and the onset of major depression, and (2) the buffering effect of hours spent on voluntary work on the stress-depression relationship. Using 3-wave longitudinal data, we estimated a direct and reverse auto-regressive path model. We found both cross-sectional and longitudinal support for the positive association between symptoms of stress and depressive symptoms. Next, we found that individuals who experienced more symptoms of stress at T1, T2, and T3 were 1.64 (95%CI [1.46;1.91]), 1.49 (95%CI [1.24;1.74]), and 1.40 (95%CI [1.21;1.60]) times more likely to be prescribed an anti-depression treatment at T3, respectively. Moreover, we found that the number of hours spent volunteering mitigated the (1) longitudinal-but not cross-sectional-stress-depression relationship, and (2) cross-sectional but not the longitudinal-association between symptoms of stress at T3 and the likelihood of being prescribed an anti-depression treatment. These results point toward the pivotal role of voluntary work in reducing the development of depressive symptoms and major depression in relation to the experience of symptoms of stress.
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| 4. |
- Mehrabi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Trust in higher guidance and suicidality in Afghan students under the Taliban regime
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1697-2600 .- 2174-0852. ; 23:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objective: After years of war, political instability and natural catastrophes high rates of PTSD and depression have been found in the Afghan population. On this background, it was investigated whether religious beliefs (trust in higher guidance; TIHG) moderated the association between PTSD symptoms and/or depression and suicidal ideation.Method: A total of 279 Afghan university students (61.6% women; aged 18 to 30 years) took part in this crosssectional study between July and November 2022. Self-report measures of PTSD, depression, suicidal ideation, trust in higher guidance were used.Results: Severe PTSD symptoms were reported by 58.4%, clinically relevant depression symptoms were reported by 55.2% and current suicidal ideation was reported by 44.4% of the sample. TIHG moderated the impact of PTSD symptoms, on suicidal ideation. TIHG and depression were unrelated.Conclusion: PTSD symptoms, depression and suicidal ideation show an alarmingly high prevalence in this specific sample of Afghan students. TIHG seems to be a resilience factor of special importance.
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| 5. |
- Olofsdotter, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical utility of new cut-off scores for the world health organization ADHD self-report scale among adolescents in psychiatric outpatient care
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1697-2600 .- 2174-0852. ; 23:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous analyses of the proposed cut-off score for the 18-item World Health Organization ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18) among psychiatrically referred adolescents have shown limited clinical utility. This prospective study examined the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of new cut-off scores of the ASRS-18 in a consecutive sample of 111 Swedish adolescent psychiatric outpatients. Using the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) as the reference standard and based on predefined sensitivity and specificity criteria, multiple new general and sex-specific cut-off scores were evaluated. Results showed that clinical utility was greater for sex-specific cut-off scores than for general cut-off scores. The greatest change in pre-test to post-test probability of ADHD diagnosis was observed with a balanced, high-specificity diagnostic cut-off score for girls, where the probability of ADHD increased from 40% pre-test to 82% post-test. The proposed new cut-off levels for the ASRS-18 are useful for the detection and identification of ADHD among adolescents in general psychiatric out-patient settings.
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