| 1. |
- Cheng, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Biomedical, psychological, environmental and behavioural factors associated with adult obesity in a nationally representative sample
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Springer. - 1741-3842 .- 1741-3850. ; 42:3, s. 570-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To identify personality, biomedical and behavioural factors associated with adult obesity in a large longitudinal sample.METHOD: In total, 5360 participants with data on personality, neurological functioning, maternal smoking during pregnancy, education and occupation, physical exercise, adult self-reported BMI and obesity were included in the study. Obesity at 55 years was the outcome variable.RESULTS: The rates of obesity increased from 9.5 to 22.8% from age 33 to 55 years. Logistic regression analyses (adjusted estimates) showed that childhood neurological functioning (OR = 1.32: 1.07-1.63, P < 0.01), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.42: 1.22-1.65, P < 0.001), educational qualifications (OR = 0.54: 0.37-0.79, P < 0.01), trait conscientiousness (OR = 0.80:0.74-0.86, P < 0.001) and physical exercise (OR = 0.87: 0.82-0.92, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of obesity at age 55 years for both men and women. Trait extraversion for men (OR = 1.16: 1.07-1.26, P < 0.001) and trait emotional stability for women (OR = 0.90: 0.82-0.99, P < 0.05) were also significant predictors of the outcome variable.CONCLUSION: Biomedical, psychological, environmental and behavioural factors were all associated with adult obesity.
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| 2. |
- Harvey, Nicholas C, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of myocardial infarction and associated mortality varies by latitude and season: findings from a Swedish Registry Study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of public health (Oxford, England). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-3850 .- 1741-3842. ; 42:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether the incidence of death following myocardial infarction (MI) varied by season and latitude in the Swedish population.We studied deaths following MI from January 1987 to December 2009, using the Swedish National Cause of Death Register. County of residence was used to determine latitude and population density. An extension of Poisson regression was used to study the relationship between risk of death following MI with age, latitude, time (from 1987), population density and calendar days.Over the study period, there was a secular decrease in the incidence of MI-related death. In men, MI-related death incidence increased by 1.3% [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-1.5] per degree of latitude (northwards). In women, MI-related death incidence increased by 0.6% (95% CI=0.4-0.9) per degree of latitude. There was seasonal variation in the risk of MI-related death with peak values in the late winter and a nadir in the summer months in both the north and the south of Sweden. Findings were similar with incident MI as the outcome.The incidence of MI-related death varied markedly by season and latitude in Sweden, with summer months and more southerly latitude associated with lower rates than winter months and more northerly latitude.
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| 3. |
- Hiam, Lucinda, et al.
(författare)
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What can the UK learn from the impact of grant populations on national life expectancy?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-3842 .- 1741-3850. ; 44:4, s. e499-e505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improvements in life expectancy at birth in the UK had stalled prior to 2020 and have fallen during the COVID-19 pandemic. The stagnation took place at a time of relatively high net migration, yet we know that migrants to Australia, the USA and some Nordic countries have positively impacted national life expectancy trends, outperforming native-born populations in terms of life expectancy. It is important to ascertain whether migrants have contributed positively to life expectancy in the UK, concealing worsening trends in the UK-born population, or whether relying on national life expectancy calculations alone may have masked excess mortality in migrant populations. We need a better understanding of the role and contribution of migrant populations to national life expectancy trends in the UK.
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| 4. |
- Kjøllesdal, M. K. R., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the excess COVID-19 burden among immigrants in Norway
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-3842 .- 1741-3850. ; 45:2, s. 277-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We aim to use intermarriage as a measure to disentangle the role of exposure to virus, susceptibility and care in differences in burden of COVID-19, by comparing rates of COVID-19 infections between immigrants married to a native and to another immigrant.Methods Using data from the Norwegian emergency preparedness, register participants (N=2 312 836) were linked with their registered partner and categorized based on own and partner's country of birth. From logistic regressions, odds ratios (OR) of COVID-19 infection (15 June 2020-01 June 2021) and related hospitalization were calculated adjusted for age, sex, municipality, medical risk, occupation, household income, education and crowded housing.Results Immigrants were at increased risk of COVID-19 and related hospitalization regardless of their partners being immigrant or not, but immigrants married to a Norwegian-born had lower risk than other immigrants. Compared with intramarried Norwegian-born, odds of COVID-19 infection was higher among persons in couples with one Norwegian-born and one immigrant from Europe/USA/Canada/Oceania (OR 1.42-1.46) or Africa/Asia/Latin-America (OR 1.91-2.01). Odds of infection among intramarried immigrants from Africa/Asia/Latin-America was 4.92. For hospitalization, the corresponding odds were slightly higher.Conclusion Our study suggests that the excess burden of COVID-19 among immigrants is explained by differences in exposure and care rather than susceptibility.
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| 5. |
- Lindstrom, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption and self-rated health among older people : population-based study in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1741-3842 .- 1741-3850. ; 42:4, s. 756-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To analyse alcohol consumption and its association with self-rated health among a representative sample of older people in mid-Sweden. Background Over the past decades, alcohol consumption has increased in the older population in Sweden, but few studies have investigated the association between alcohol consumption and self-rated health in this group. The aim was therefore to investigate alcohol consumption and self-rated health among older Swedes. Methods The study is based on a cross-sectional study of 11,716 men and women, 65 years and over, answering a survey questionnaire sent to a random population sample in mid-Sweden in 2012. We assessed alcohol consumption with AUDIT-C and its association with self-rated health using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, economic situation, educational level, BMI, physical activity, social support and medication use. Results Men (83%) were more prone to drink alcohol compared to women (71%). The prevalence of risk drinking was about 2% for both genders. Alcohol consumption declined with age. Moderate consumption of alcohol was associated with lower probability of poor self-rated health compared to non-drinking with an adjusted odds ratio 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.76) for men and 0.68 (0.59-0.79) for women. Conclusion Since the study was cross-sectional the direction of the association could not be determined, and the results should not be interpreted as an argument for promoting alcohol consumption among older people.
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| 7. |
- Messiha, Katrina, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of contemporary theories used for co-creation, co-design and co-production in public health
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1741-3842 .- 1741-3850. ; 45:3, s. 723-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a need to systematically identify and summarize the contemporary theories and theoretical frameworks used for co-creation, co-design and co-production in public health research.Methods: The reporting of this systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Given substantial interest in and application of co-creation, co-design and co-production, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and APA PsycINFO from 2012 to March–April 2022. A quality assessment and data extraction for theory content was performed.Results: Of the 3763 unique references identified through the comprehensive search strategy, 10 articles were included in the review: four articles named co-creation, two articles named co-creation and co-design, two articles named co-production and co-design, and two articles named co-design. Empowerment Theory was employed by two articles, whereas other theories (n = 5) or frameworks (n = 3) were employed by one article each. For the quality assessment, eight articles received a strong rating and two articles received a moderate rating.Conclusion: There is little indication of theory applications for the approaches of co-creation, co-design and co-production in public health since 2012, given 10 articles were included in this review. Yet, the theories described in these 10 articles can be useful for developing such co-approaches in future public health research.
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| 8. |
- Värnild, Astrid, et al.
(författare)
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Factors related to the increasing number of seriously injured cyclists and pedestrians in a Swedish urban region 2003–17
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-3842 .- 1741-3850. ; 42:2, s. e158-e164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe number of seriously injured unprotected road users has increased during implementation of a road safety policy Vision Zero. The aim of the study is to identify factors associated with the increase in serious injuries among cyclists and pedestrians (even single pedestrian accidents) that occurred in an urban road space in a Swedish region 2003–17. The urban road space includes roads, pavements and tracks for walking and cycling.MethodsData were retrieved from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) and NVDB (National Road Database). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression with odds ratios for sex, age and part of road space were assessed.ResultsThe number of seriously injured cyclists and pedestrians more than doubled from 2003 to 2017, with the greatest increase for pedestrians. Older age increased the probability of serious injury since 2012 for the group ≥ 80 years and since 2015 for the group 65–79 years. No significant effect of sex. Most injuries occur in areas not transformed by Vision Zero.ConclusionsAn increasing number of elderly persons in the generation born in the 1940s and increased life expectancy are important factors. There is a need to increase road safety measures that also promote active mobility.
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