| 1. |
- Andersen Eikje, Cleng, et al.
(författare)
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The organizing and regulation of mountain guiding in Scandinavia 1820–2016, with a glance at the Alps
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Routledge. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 22:4, SI, s. 555-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we study how mountain guiding was organized and regulated in Scandinavia and the Alps between 1820 and 2015 and focus on the most important di erences and similarities in Scandinavia, and between Scandinavia and the Alps. We conclude that Switzerland and Chamonix (France) represent two di erent systems in the Alps during the nineteenth century. However, through the emergence of national and international guide unions the regulation of mountain guiding in the Alps today appears uni ed, with a close connection between national regulation and mountain guide unions. In Scandinavia, Norway and Sweden historically had similar practices organizing and regulating mountain guiding, where a relatively strong layman tradition emerged during the 1960s and 1970s. In 2008, legal decisions led Sweden to change its system to match the Alp model, while Norway held on to the layman tradition. This leaves mountain guiding in Norway as a distinctly less regulated eld than in France, and Switzerland, as in and Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Glocal culture, sporting decline? Globalization and football in Scandinavia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Routledge. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 22:4: Sport and Outdoor Life in the Nordic World, s. 704-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter looks at how globalization has affected and shaped the domestic elite level male football cultures of Scandinavia since the game turned more professional in the region. By drawing on empirical examples from the recent histories of Norwegian, Swedish and, to a lesser extent, Danish football, the authors analyse how the sporting cultures of these countries have changed since the 1970s. The amateur ideologies which had previously dominated football in Scandinavia faded during a period when influences from international and especially professional English football intensified. These influences stretched from playing styles to spectator cultures. While these influences initially made clubs and teams from Scandinavia more competitive in international football, the ‘hypercommodification’ which has dominated top level European football in the new millennium has to a large extent affected Scandinavian football in a negative way in term s of sporting competitiveness. Simultaneously the authors argue that global influences have injected significant fuel and new energy to the spectator cultures evident in a large number of Scandinavian football club communities.
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| 3. |
- Andreasson, Jesper, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Becoming an Ironman triathlete : Extreme exercise, gender equality and the family puzzle
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 21:9, s. 1351-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Departing from a qualitative research approach, this article focuses on Swedish amateur Ironman triathletes and their family life. The purpose of the paper is to investigate how an elite amateur lifestyle is upheld and balanced with the demands of a sustainable family and social life. The results indicate that the process of becoming and staying an Ironman creates tensions in intimate relationships, making it hard to bring the family life puzzle together. Although the participants interviewed often talk about family life in terms of sharing things fairly equally, in terms of gender equity and involved parenthood, this seemingly is not always an easy ideal to fulfil in practice. On a broader cultural level, these findings can thus be contextualized in relation to discourses associated with the gendering of families and functions, and, of course, the gender of sport and performance.
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| 4. |
- Andreasson, Jesper, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Negotiating violence : mixed martial arts as a spectacle and sport
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 22:7, s. 1183-1197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on qualitative interviews with Mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes and stakeholders, this study aims to investigate the relationship between, on the one hand, MMA as a spectacle and imaginary world, and on the other, the fighters’ experiences of violence, pain and ‘the real’. Analytically, we are influenced by the literature on the spectacle and on hyperreality. The results show that athletes’ negotiations concerning the sport largely connect to a particular way of approaching violence – culturally and in terms of physical experience. On the one hand, there is a desire to portray MMA as a civilized and regulated sport. The athletes develop different strategies by which to handle or renegotiate the physical force and violence in the cage. On the other hand, however, the fighters’ bodily control and management of their fear sometimes breaks down. When the spectacle of the octagon becomes ‘real’, the legitimacy of the sport is questioned.
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| 5. |
- Andreasson, Jesper, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Online doping : The new self-help culture of ethnopharmacology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 19:7, s. 957-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, but also internationally, official regimes and public health organizations conduct fairly comprehensive antidoping measures. As a consequence, numerous ‘new’ ways to learn about and access these types of drugs have emerged. Social media and different internet forums, for example, have become part of a new self-help culture in which people can anonymously approach these substances, discuss their experiences of using them and minimize the possibility of encounters with the police. This article focuses on how the use of performance- and image-enhancing drugs (PED) is perceived and negotiated socially in the context of an internet-mediated and online community calledFlashback. The results are in accordance with similar studies on internet bodybuilding communities. That is, even though the participants to a certain degree are aware of the risks and health costs of this kind of physical regime, the gains of using PED clearly dominate the discussions. Adding to this research, this article found that in the imaginary world of online bodybuilding a number of ideas about the ‘genetic max’, as well as the ultimate possibility of exceeding one’s limits, and creating something special and extraordinary, circulate. These stories confirm in many ways the legitimate mission of searching for the ultimate bodybuilding adventure, using different means and methods to transcend the limits of the self/body.
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| 6. |
- Barker, Dean, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Hanging up the shirt: an autoethnographic account of disengaging from a social rugby culture
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 19:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violent practices are a common feature of homosocial sporting environments. The objective of the current paper is to explore how one individual disengaged from a sporting community characterized by such practices. An autoethnographic approach involving recollection and interactional exchanges is used to create a realist narrative account which offers insight into the process of disengagement. The narrative focuses on the: (1) ongoing nature of cultural participation; (2) agency and the restriction of ways of being in sports teams and (3) the durable nature of personal characteristics that are learned in sporting environments. These issues are discussed in light of cultural learning theory and specifically, the analytic concept, ‘becoming’. The paper concludes with methodological reflections and a consideration of directions for future research.
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| 7. |
- Barker-Ruchti, Natalie, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Shifting, crossing and transforming gender boundaries in physical cultures
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 19:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the 2013 conference “Gender in Physical Culture” of the ‘Transnational Working Group for the Study of Gender and Sport’, held at the University of Gothenburg, a number of presentations related to how individuals, groups of individuals and organizations challenge and change dominant gender discourses and practices. Several of these presentations have come to form this volume on ‘Gender in Physical Culture: Crossing Boundaries – Reconstituting Cultures’. To begin the volume, the following article outlines how the seven contributions are connected. We present Lamont and Molnàr’s (2002) idea of ‘boundaries’, which they consider as visible and invisible socially constructed borders that create social differences. Such boundaries are, however, malleable. We propose that this flexibility means that ‘gender boundaries in physical cultures’ can be shifted, crossed and transformed. The case studies included in this edition present concrete examples of how this is possible.
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| 8. |
- Bergsgard, Nils Asle, et al.
(författare)
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National structures for building and managing sport facilities : a comparative analysis of the Nordic countries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Routledge. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 22:4, s. 525-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sport facilities are instrumental in keeping the population fit and healthy. Governments worldwide are thus engaged in devising policies, programs and projects for building such facilities, with the aim of providing citizens with opportunities for a healthy lifestyle. This feature is prominent in the Nordic countries, which have incorporated sport, leisure and physical activity into their universal welfare models. Understanding policies and politics for building sports facilities has therefore become a cornerstone in the understanding of conditions for sport and physical activity for all. In this paper, we investigate and compare the national structures for building and managing sports facilities in the Nordic countries, in order to add to the understanding of how policies and politics for building sport facilities can add to or hamper the sport-for-all ambitions salient in most of today’s western societies.
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| 9. |
- Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid, et al.
(författare)
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The use of physical activity, sport and outdoor life as tools of psychosocial intervention : the Nordic perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Routledge. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 22:4, SI, s. 654-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The core values in the Nordic welfare model are health equality and social inclusion. Individuals with mental disorders and/or a history of substance use disorder are often excluded from the core value of equality. Psychosocial interventions such as physical activity and outdoor life can have several benefits for those suffering from mental disorders. Firstly, such interventions can have therapeutic effects. Secondly, they show benefits for somatic health and the risk of lifestyle-related diseases. Finally, they can provide an environment for experiencing self-efficacy, lead to improved quality of life, and promote the development and building of social relationships. This paper provides a critical review of current evidence for physical activity and outdoor life as psychosocial interventions in psychiatric and substance misuse treatment, with specific examples from Norway, Sweden and Denmark.
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| 10. |
- Carlman, Peter, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A sport for all programme in school : girls’ experience.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 22:3, s. 416-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines a Swedish Sport for All Programme (SAP) in school. We use a case study to discuss girls’ debut in alternative sports programme organized in collaboration between school and the sports movement. The empirical data are derived from repeated focus group interviews with one group of seven 10-year-old girls participating in one SAP. The analyses focus on their subjective experiences and how broader gender structures influence these experiences. Drawing on the results of this study, we argue that certain sports can be interpreted as oppressive activities that produce asymmetric power relationships between different groups of children. Simultaneously, the girls see the idea of sports as joyful activities, without male abuse and oppression or hierarchical gender relationships. Based on the girls’ accounts, we claim that both the leaders and the children actively reproduce gender stereotypes in the SAP.
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