| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Jenny K, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The role of goblet cells and mucus in intestinal homeostasis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 19, s. 785-803
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucus, produced by goblet cells, provides the intestinal tract with an additional layer of protection. This Review discusses the role of mucus and goblet cells in intestinal health and disease, and dissects the underlying regulatory mechanisms. The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which provides various site-specific protective functions. Mucus is produced by goblet cells, and as a result of single-cell RNA sequencing identifying novel goblet cell subpopulations, our understanding of their various contributions to intestinal homeostasis has improved. Goblet cells not only produce mucus but also are intimately linked to the immune system. Mucus and goblet cell development is tightly regulated during early life and synchronized with microbial colonization. Dysregulation of the developing mucus systems and goblet cells has been associated with infectious and inflammatory conditions and predisposition to chronic disease later in life. Dysfunctional mucus and altered goblet cell profiles are associated with inflammatory conditions in which some mucus system impairments precede inflammation, indicating a role in pathogenesis. In this Review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of goblet cells and the mucus layer in maintaining intestinal health during steady-state and how alterations to these systems contribute to inflammatory and infectious disease.
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| 2. |
- König, Julia, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Faecal microbiota transplantation in IBS : new evidence for success?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 17:4, s. 199-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) aims to restore an altered microbiota and has been suggested as a potential treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), among other diseases. A new study suggests that the use of a so-called superdonor is necessary to successfully treat patients with IBS using FMT.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lazarus, JV, et al.
(författare)
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Defining comprehensive models of care for NAFLD
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5053 .- 1759-5045. ; 18:10, s. 717-729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Lohr, JM, et al.
(författare)
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IgG4-related diseases of the digestive tract
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5053 .- 1759-5045. ; 19:23, s. 185-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Masoodi, Mojgan, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD : biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 18:12, s. 835-856
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and is often associated with aspects of metabolic syndrome. Despite its prevalence and the importance of early diagnosis, there is a lack of robustly validated biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of disease progression in response to a given treatment. In this Review, we provide an overview of the contribution of metabolomics and lipidomics in clinical studies to identify biomarkers associated with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In addition, we highlight the key metabolic pathways in NAFLD and NASH that have been identified by metabolomics and lipidomics approaches and could potentially be used as biomarkers for non-invasive diagnostic tests. Overall, the studies demonstrated alterations in amino acid metabolism and several aspects of lipid metabolism including circulating fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and bile acids. Although we report several studies that identified potential biomarkers, few have been validated.
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| 8. |
- Moayyedi, P., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based and mechanistic insights into exclusion diets for IBS
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-5045 .- 1759-5053. ; 17, s. 406-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exclusion diets are popular in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This Review outlines the mechanisms by which food might lead to symptoms in IBS and discusses different approaches to how exclusion diets can be evaluated in randomized controlled trials. Exclusion diets are becoming increasingly popular in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Several mechanisms exist by which food items might cause gastrointestinal symptoms, such as direct osmotic effects of food in the gut lumen, changes to the gut microbiota and immune activation. These effects have been demonstrated in animal models and in human studies, particularly in the case of gluten-free diets and diets low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs). Indeed, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that gluten-free diets and low-FODMAP diets improve IBS symptoms, and guidelines recommend the latter approach for treating symptoms in some patients with IBS. Designing such RCTs is challenging as participants need to eat so an 'inert' placebo is not an option. Blinding is also an issue with these studies; in the future, new exclusion diets should not advertise what the diet consists of until it is proved to reduce symptoms. In this Review, we outline the advantages and disadvantages of each choice of control group and emphasize the importance of collecting mechanistic data (regarding direct effects of food on the gut lumen, changes in gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation) as well as symptom data in RCTs of exclusion diets in IBS.
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