| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Serina, et al.
(författare)
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EU sustainability criteria for biofuels : Uncertainties in GHG emissions from cultivation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 3:4, s. 399-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cultivation of raw material represents a large proportion of biofuelś GHG emissions. The EU renewable energy directive 2009/28/EC specifies a GHG emission default value for cultivation of biofuel raw material (23 g CO2-e/MJ ethanol for wheat). The aim of this study was to quantify the uncertainty in GHG emissions for wheat cultivation in Sweden, considering uncertainty and variability in data at farm level. Results: Two levels of data collection at farm level were analyzed; simple (only yield and amount of N) and advanced (also including amounts and types of energy). The 2.5-97.5 percentile uncertainty for Swedish winter wheat was 20-27 g CO 2-e/MJ, which can be considered large in the context of the Directives threshold of 23 g (to two significant figures). Conclusion: It is concluded that quantifying GHG emissions in order to regulate biofuels is a difficult task, especially emissions from cultivation, since these are biological systems with large variability.
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| 2. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy grown on contaminated land - A sustainable bioenergy contributor?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 5:5, s. 487-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A consequence of the rapidly increasing demand for bioenergy is an increasing demand for land for growing energy crops. Therefore, the utilization of arable land for this production is believed to increase. Meanwhile, larger areas of arable land are also needed to ensure the supply of food to the growing world population. Growing energy crops in areas that are not suitable for food production such as brownfields, this controversy can partly be solved and several other environmental benefits can be achieved at the same time. The total environmental impact of bioenergy cultivation on contaminated land depends on the full cultivation chain including the handling of bioenergy residues and the full chain is important in the risk- and environmental assessments. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
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| 3. |
- Ersson, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Biofuels for transportation in 2030 : feedstock and production plants in a Swedish county
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 4:4, s. 379-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This paper gives insight into whether biofuels for road transport can play an important role in a Swedish county in the year 2030, and contributes to knowledge on how to perform similar studies.Methodology: A resource-focused assessment, including feedstock from the waste sector, agricultural sector, forestry sector and aquatic environments, partially considering technological and economic constraints.Results: Two scenarios were used indicating that biofuels could cover almost 30 and 50%, respectively, of total energy demand for road transport.Conclusion: Without compromising food security, this study suggests that it is possible to significantly increase biofuel production, and to do this as an integrated part of existing society, thereby also contributing to positive societal synergies.
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| 4. |
- Fast, Stewart, et al.
(författare)
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Biofuels: From a win-win solution to a wicked problem?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7277 .- 1759-7269. ; 3:6, s. 737-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current and recent struggles encountered in the development of the transport biofuels sector indicate a significant change in the perception of biofuels. Instead of a win-win solution, transport biofuels have become a major planning challenge. In fact, biofuels can be labelled a wicked problem. The planning studies literature offers some tools to interpret this change and guide future actions. First, by assessing recent experiences of biofuels in the EU and US against the ten characteristics of wicked problems we find biofuels “fit” the profile of such issues. Second, we observe that differentiated strategies will suit the different challenges facing biofuels development. We argue that without recognition and engagement of multiple perspectives on transport biofuels they will remain a wicked problem and we therefore advocate for strengthened approaches to communication and engagement.
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| 5. |
- Khetorn, Wanthanee, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic and genetic engineering of cyanobacteria for enhanced hydrogen production
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 4:5, s. 535-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need to develop sustainable solutions to convert solar energy into energy carriers used in the society. In addition to solar cells generating electricity, there are several options to generate solar fuels with molecular hydrogen (H2) being an interesting and promising option. Native and engineered cyanobacteria have been used as model systems to examine, develop and demonstrate photobiological hydrogen production. In the present review we present and discuss recent progress with respect to (i) native biological systems to generate hydrogen, (ii) metabolic modulations, and (iii) genetic engineering of metabolic pathways, as well as the (iv) introduction of custom-designed, non-native enzymes and complexes for enhanced hydrogen production in cyanobacteria. In conclusion, metabolic and genetic engineering of native cyanobacterial hydrogen metabolism can significantly increase the hydrogen production, and introduction of custom-designed non-native capacities open up new possibilities to further enhance cyanobacterial based hydrogen production.
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| 6. |
- Martin, Michael
(författare)
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Production synergies in the current biofuel industry : Opportunities for development
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - London : Future Science. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 3:5, s. 545-554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: With criticism about the economic viability and environmental performance of biofuels, theuse of byproducts and integration with external industries could be achieved to improve their performanceand provide further use for byproducts and wastes. Methodology: A review of potential byproduct andutility exchanges between biofuel and external industries has been documented in this article through aliterature review and brainstorming workshop, and results have been classified based on their interactions.Results: It has been found that byproduct exchanges, especially those between biofuel industries, andexchanges between the biofuel industries and the food, feed, agriculture and energy industries, offer manypotential exchanges. Conclusion: The identified synergies offer possibilities for potential collaborationpartners in symbiotic exchanges with the biofuel industry.
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| 7. |
- McCormick, Kes, et al.
(författare)
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Governance of Biofuels for Transport in Europe: Lessons from Sweden and the UK
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1759-7277 .- 1759-7269. ; 3:3, s. 293-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biofuels for transport are attracting considerable support from the European Union. However, the complexity of the biofuels industry and the diversity of actors create significant challenges for policy-making and governance. This paper explores the role of governance in the development of the biofuels industry in Europe focusing on Sweden and the UK. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the similarities and differences of governance activities in these countries, and to identify lessons for policy-makers on how to establish and expand (sustainable and competitive) biofuels for transport. Sweden and the UK are selected as they provide contrasting pictures of the biofuels industry in Europe.
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| 8. |
- Pacini, Henrique, et al.
(författare)
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Is ethanol worth tanking only when it costs 70% of the price of the equivalent in volume of gasoline?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 5:3, s. 195-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- " In Brazil it is widely believed - both in academic literature and in popular media - that tanking flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs) with hydrated ethanol (E100) pays off only up to the point when this fuel costs 70% of the price of the equivalent in volume of gasoline (E18-E25). This note explores this belief, using empirical data from a Brazilian monitoring programme (CONPET) in order to compare if the 0.7 threshold holds against empirical testing. The note finds that, on average, ethanol is worth chosing only up to 68% of the gasoline price. While apparently insignificant, this 2% difference can have large aggregate welfare consequences for vehicle drivers and for the competition between fuels. "
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| 9. |
- Privalova, E, et al.
(författare)
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Ionic liquids versus amine solutions in biogas upgrading : the level of volatile organic compounds
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biofuels. - : future science ltd. - 1759-7269 .- 1759-7277. ; 4:3, s. 295-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This article provides information related to the occurrence of volatile organic compounds before and after biogas purification, by means of both aqueous amine solutions and ionic liquids. Results & discussion: Encouraging results were obtained. Under the experimental conditions, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquid appeared to perform at least two-times better than aqueous amines solutions, since it captured 65 wt% of the identified volatile organic compounds, while aqueous amine solutions retained around 35 wt% only. However, in the case of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and dichlorobenzene, aqueous amine solutions rendered better purification performance and diminished the concentration of aforementioned compounds by a factor of five and ten, respectively. Conclusion: This paper sheds new light on ionic liquids as potential separation sorbents and contributes to the understanding of the complex science of biogas upgrading and utilization of renewable energy resources.
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| 10. |
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