| 1. |
- Abelson, Klas, et al.
(författare)
-
High plasma corticosterone levels persist during frequent automatic blood sampling in rats
- 2005
-
Ingår i: In Vivo. - 0258-851X .- 1791-7549. ; 19:5, s. 815-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corticosterone levels in blood may be used as a marker of stress in rodents, provided that the blood sampling procedure itself is non-stressful. Automated blood sampling equipment (Accusampler®) allows blood sampling without any interference with the animal and might be useful as a tool for an on-line measurement of stress markers in blood. However, the impact of the blood sampling itself on the corticosterone levels in blood is unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate whether the frequency of blood sampling influences the plasma corticosterone levels in male and female rats. During anaesthesia, a catheter was placed in the jugular vein and attached to an Accusampler®. Blood samples (200 μl) were withdrawn with a high (24 samples) or low frequency (3 samples) during a six-hour period immediately after the catheter insertion. The corticosterone levels in the plasma were quantified with ELISA. The corticosterone levels persisted at high post-operation concentrations when blood was collected frequently, while the levels steadily declined significantly during low-frequency sampling. The corticosterone levels were higher in female than in male rats, but the curves were similar. The present study elucidates the importance of considering the frequency of blood withdrawal during automated blood sampling. This parameter may have an impact on the experimental results when using blood corticosterone levels as a stress marker, but also during any in vivo study where blood is collected, since high corticosterone levels may affect the normal physiology of the animals.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abelson, Klas S. P., et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution of [3H]-corticosterone in urine, feces and blood of male Sprague-Dawley rats after tail vein and jugular vein injections
- 2009
-
Ingår i: In Vivo. - : International Institute of Anticancer Research. - 0258-851X .- 1791-7549. ; 23:3, s. 381-386
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study aimed to investigate the time-course and distribution of [(3)H]-corticosterone in urine, feces and blood of male Sprague-Dawley rats after intravenous administration of a low dose (1 microCi), and to investigate whether different intravenous routes of administration may affect the dynamics of excreted [(3)H]-corticosterone in the feces. One microCi [(3)H]-corticosterone was injected intravenously either through the tail vein in manually restrained rats or through a jugular vein catheter three days after surgical implantation. Urine and feces were collected at different time points over 78 h from the rats injected in the tail vein, and blood and feces were collected over 48 h from rats injected in the jugular vein. In the blood, radioactivity peaked immediately and decreased rapidly within 90 minutes. The radioactivity was excreted in urine within six h and in feces after at least 12 h. Sixty percent of the radioactivity was detected in the urine and 40% in feces during the study period of 78 h. The detected amount of radioactivity in feces was higher and displayed a more pronounced peak 12 h after injection when the substance was administered through a jugular vein catheter compared to tail vein injection. The data obtained in the present study may serve as an important benchmark when choosing time points for fecal collection for quantification of corticosterone or corticosterone metabolites as a non-invasive measure of preceding HPA-axis activation.
|
|
| 3. |
- Farah, Idle O., et al.
(författare)
-
Schistosome-induced pathology is exacerbated and Th2 polarization is enhanced during pregnancy
- 2007
-
Ingår i: In Vivo. - 0258-851X .- 1791-7549. ; 21:4, s. 599-602
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the immunopathological impact of pregnancy on an ongoing experimental schistosomiasis infection. Materials and Methods: Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C) of 15 animals each. The mice in Groups A and B were infected with 40 S. mansoni cercariae, percutaneously. Six weeks post-infection, the mice in Groups B and C (schistosome-naive controls) were mated. Schistosome-induced morbidity and cytokine recall responses were subsequently evaluated at weeks 7 and 8 post-infection. Results: Hepatic and pulmonary lesions resulting from trapped schistosome eggs were more frequent and more severe in Group B mice than in Group A mice. Group C mice had suppressed mitogen-stimulated interleukin 4 (IL-4) but maintained high intereferon gamma (IFN-gamma) responses. In contrast, Group A mice had elevated mitogen- and parasite-specific IL-4 but muted IFN-gamma responses. Group B mice had an early (week 7) high IL-4 response, even higher than in group A mice. Conclusion: Taken together the data suggest that pregnancy exacerbates schistosome-induced morbidity, probably through upregulation of parasite-specific IL-4.
|
|
| 4. |
- Mayo, Susan, et al.
(författare)
-
Rhino Vax is an efficient adjuvant in oral immunization of young chickens and cholera toxin B is an effective oral primer in traditional subcutaneous immunization with Freund's incomplete adjuvant
- 2005
-
Ingår i: In Vivo. - 0258-851X .- 1791-7549. ; 19, s. 375-382
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty-five approximately 50% in-bred 14-day-old White Leghorn female chickens (Gallus domesticus) originating from 11 hens were distributed into 5 treatment groups containing one sister in each treatment group. Phase 1 involved oral administration of an antigen, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), in combination with various adjuvant preparations, either Cholera Toxin B-subunit (CTB) and/or RhinoVax® (RV). A positive control group received BSA emulsified in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA) by subcutaneous injection. All chickens responded with immunospecific IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies in their circulation. Classical parenteral immunisation with FIA was generally the most potent mode of antigen administration. The highest immunospecific IgG concentrations recorded in the orally-immunised chickens were in the group immunised with 20% RV as the adjuvant. The concentration in this group was approximately 5 times lower than that recorded in the FIA group. For practical egg yolk polyclonal antibody production purposes, the oral regime using 20% RV as adjuvant seems an attractive alternative to the more invasive technique of injecting the antigen in FIA emulsions. In Phase 2 all chickens were subjected to traditional subcutaneous immunisation with a new antigen, human IgG emulsified in FIA. The two groups of chickens that had received CTB orally during Phase 1 responded with significantly higher immunospecific antibody concentrations than did the other chickens, indicating that oral administration of CTB prior to traditional parenteral immunisation may have a priming effect on the humoral immune system. The immunospecific antibody response varied between the 11 families of chickens. There was no correlation between familial responsiveness to oral and subcutaneous immunisations. Families that were high responders to oral immunisation were not high responders to parenteral immunisation and vice versa.
|
|
| 5. |
- Siswanto, Harry, et al.
(författare)
-
Corticosterone concentrations in blood and excretion in faeces after ACTH administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats
- 2008
-
Ingår i: In Vivo. - 0258-851X .- 1791-7549. ; 22:4, s. 435-440
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to analyse the corticosterone response to exogenous ACTH in the circulation of catheterised male rats and to investigate the sensitivity of faecal corticosterone output as a measure of preceding elevated levels in the circulation. A total of 21 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats permanently catheterised (v. jugularis externa for intravenous administration of ACTH and a. carotis communis for blood sampling), were used. Administration of both 10 and 100 microg/kg ACTH resulted in a rapid and pronounced corticosterone increase three minutes after injection (226 and 220 ng/ml, respectively), but the duration of the response was different. In the 10 microg/kg group, corticosterone levels were significantly elevated for 3-90 min after injection, while in the 100 microg/kg group, the levels remained elevated for 240 min after injection. In faeces, a significant increase during eight hours after ACTH injection was found in the group treated with 100 microg/kg, but not in the group treated with 10 microg/kg. In conclusion, quantification of faecal excretion of corticosteroids is a useful non-invasive measure of prior substantial stress (e.g. surgery), but not sufficiently sensitive to reveal minor stress or acute stress of short duration.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
