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- Khawaja, Tasveer, et al.
(författare)
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Coronary artery calcium, hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from the Dallas heart study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Progress in cardiovascular diseases. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0033-0620 .- 1873-1740. ; 78, s. 67-73
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk amongst those with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is heterogenous. The role of imaging-based cardiometabolic biomarkers (e.g., coronary artery calcium [CAC] score, and hepatic triglyceride content [HTC]) in CVD risk stratification in T2D is unclear. To better understand this, we sought to evaluate the individual and joint associations between CAC and hepatic steatosis (HS) with clinical atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) in Dallas Heart Study (DHS) participants with and without T2D. Methods: We examined participants in the DHS, a multi-ethnic cohort study, without self-reported ASCVD. CAC scoring was performed via computed tomography with the mean of two consecutive scores used. HTC was measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and HS was defined as HTC >5.5% The primary outcome was incident ASCVD, defined as coronary heart disease (CHD; myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery), ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or CVD death. Cox regression analyses, and interaction testing was performed to evaluate the individual and joint associations between CAC and HS with ASCVD. The association between HS and coronary heart disease was validated in the UK Biobank (UKB).Results: A total of 1252 DHS participants were included with mean age 44.8 & PLUSMN; 9.3 years, mean body mass index 28.7 & PLUSMN; 5.9 kg/m2, 55% female, and 59% black with an overall prevalence of T2D of 9.7%. CAC scores were significantly higher (p < 0.01) and HS was significantly more prevalent in those with T2D (p < 0.01). Over a median of 12.3 years, 8.3% of participants experienced ASCVD events. The ASCVD event rate was significantly higher in participants with T2D (20.5% vs 7.0%, p < 0.01). Continuous CAC was associated with ASCVD events in the overall cohort regardless of T2D status with a significant interaction present between CAC and T2D status on ASCVD, Pinteraction = 0.02. HTC was not associated with ASCVD risk in participants without T2D but was inversely associated with risk in participants with T2D (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99 per 1% increase in HTC, p = 0.02), Pinteraction = 0.02. Amongst 37,266 UKB participants, 4.5% had T2D. CHD events occurred in 2.2% of participants, with 10.2% of events occurring amongst those with T2D. An inverse relationship between HTC and CHD was also found amongst those with T2D in UKB with a significant interaction between T2D status and HTC on CHD (HR per 1% increase in HTC 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99, p = 0.01, Pinteraction = 0.02).Conclusions: In the DHS, we found that CAC was associated with ASCVD risk independent of T2D status. We did not observe an association between HTC and ASCVD in participants without T2D, but there was an inverse association between HTC and ASCVD in those with T2D that was replicated in the UKB cohort. Further investigation is warranted to understand the possible protective association of HS in participants with T2D.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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- Amlani, Vishal, et al.
(författare)
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The current status of drug-coated devices in lower extremity peripheral artery disease interventions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-0620. ; 65, s. 23-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lower limb peripheral artery disease is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Endovascular revascularization is often indicated to improve walking function and to prevent limb loss but restenosis in the treated vessel segment remains a concern that limits the overall effectiveness of the treatment. The most promising technique to prevent restenosis is the use of drug-coated devices, and the most common drug used to coat lower limb balloon angioplasty balloons and stents is paclitaxel. A systematic review and meta analysis in 2018 reported a possible increase in late mortality attributable to paclitaxel-coated devices. Since then, their use has been brought into question. Here, we present an update of data focusing on the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel-coated devices in lower limb treatment applications. While paclitaxel-coated devices appear to reduce restenosis rates it is still unclear how these surrogate marker improvements translate to direct patient benefits and uncertainty remains as to whether paclitaxel-coated devices confer an increased risk of long-term mortality. Available randomized clinical data is hampered by trial heterogeneity, insufficient power, potential attrition bias and the lack of a plausible mechanistic explanation. An important step forward is that the ongoing trials that were temporarily halted due to the Katsanos et al. report have now both commenced recruitment and may ultimately resolve this clinical dilemma by virtue of their larger sample sizes. Other possible ways forward are the ongoing investigation of alternative anti-proliferative coating agents and use of new sophisticated vascular imaging techniques to more clearly identify patients at risk of restenosis already in the preoperative setting. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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- Blanco Penedo, Isabel
(författare)
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Understanding consumers' perceptions towards Iberian pig production and animal welfare
- 2020
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Spanish market offers a greater variety of Iberian pork products. The aim of this paper is to determine the perception of consumers of several aspects of Iberian pig production and animal welfare depending on the consumers' characteristics. Consumers from two Spanish regions (n = 403) answered a questionnaire about their beliefs and the importance of pig production, their purchase intentions and their willingness to pay. Consumers were segmented according to their level of knowledge about Iberian pig production. The results of this work indicate that consumers have poor knowledge about Iberian pig production. Even so, consumers show a remarkable preference for Iberian products, especially when the animals are reared freely and in natural conditions, giving great importance to animal welfare. Consumer preferences indicate the importance of emphasizing Iberian traditional pig product characteristics on the label to promote their purchase choices.
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- Burri, Stina C.M., et al.
(författare)
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Lipid oxidation inhibition capacity of plant extracts and powders in a processed meat model system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A meat model system was used for screening lipid oxidation inhibiting capacity of diverse horticultural plant materials. In the model, heme-containing sarcoplasmic proteins from the meat water-phase were homogenized with linoleic acid and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. 23 Plant materials were investigated at three high (50, 100, and 200 ppm) concentrations and five plant extracts were tested at three low (5, 10, and 20 ppm) concentrations over time. In the high concentration sets, summer savory freeze-dried powder, beetroot leaves extracted with 50% ethanol, and an olive polyphenol powder extracted from wastewater, inhibited oxidation the most effectively. After two weeks and at 200 ppm concentration, oxidation was reduced to 17.2%, 16.6% and 13.5% of the blank sample with no added antioxidants respectively. In the low concentration set, spray dried rhubarb juice inhibited oxidation the most after two weeks at 5 ppm where oxidation was reduced to 68.3% of the blank sample with no added antioxidants.
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- Denver, S., et al.
(författare)
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Is there a potential international market for Danish welfare pork? : A consumer survey from Denmark, Sweden, and Germany
- 2022
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This cross-country study investigates the potential to improve pig welfare by exploiting consumer demand, domestically and in export markets, for welfare pork produced in indoor production systems. The analysis is based on questionnaire data collected in 2019 focusing on demand for Danish welfare pork both in Denmark and in two nearby export markets, Sweden and Germany. To reduce hypothetical bias, a willingness-to-pay indicator is combined with an indicator of positive interest in buying a fictive Danish welfare labelled pork. We find that the market potential is relatively weak. Our findings indicate that there is some, albeit limited, potential in Denmark and Germany while demand is practically non-existing in Sweden, probably because the pig welfare guaranteed by Swedish legislation is similar to what is provided by the fictive welfare label employed in the study. Hence, consumer demand alone cannot secure enhanced pig welfare. Moreover, we found national differences in the characteristics of consumers who are interested in Danish welfare pork. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
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- Fogelkvist, Maria, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce eating disorder symptoms and body image problems in patients with residual eating disorder symptoms : A randomized controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Body image. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 1740-1445 .- 1873-6807. ; 32, s. 155-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body image problems are central aspects of eating disorders (ED), and risk factors both for the development of and relapse into an ED. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) aims at helping patients accept uncomfortable internal experiences while committing to behaviors in accordance with life values. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of a group intervention, consisting of 12 sessions, based on ACT to treatment as usual (TAU) for patients with residual ED symptoms and body image problems. The study was a randomized controlled superiority trial. Patients with residual ED symptoms and body image problems were recruited from a specialized ED clinic in Sweden. The final sample consisted of 99 women, randomized to ACT or TAU. At the two-year follow-up, patients who received ACT showed a significant greater reduction in ED symptoms and body image problems and received less specialized ED care than patients in TAU. In conclusion, ACT was superior in reducing ED symptoms and body image problems.
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