| 1. |
- Bellavia, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol consumption and mortality : a dose-response analysis in terms of time
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 24:4, s. 291-296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased mortality. However, many aspects of this association are still debated. Our aim was to complement available information by conducting a dose-response analysis of the association between alcohol consumption and survival time. Methods: In a Swedish population-based cohort of 67,706 middle-aged and elderly men and women, frequency and amount of drinking were assessed through a self-administrated questionnaire. During 15 years of follow-up, 13,323 participants died. Differences in survival (10th percentile differences, PDs) according to levels of alcohol consumption were estimated using Laplace regression. Results: We found evidence of nonlinearity between alcohol consumption and survival. Among women, we observed a rapid increase in survival up to 6 g/d of alcohol consumption (0.5 drinks/d) where survival was 17 months longer (PD = 17 months, 95% confidence interval, 10 to 24). After this peak, higher alcohol consumption was progressively associated with shorter survival. Among men, survival improved up to 15 g/d (1.5 drinks/d) where we observed a PD of 15 months (95% confidence interval, 8 to 22). Conclusions: Low alcohol consumption was associated with improved survival up to 1.5 years for women with an average consumption of 0.5 drinks per day and to 13 years for men with an average consumption of 1.5 drinks per day. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bruckner, Tim .A., et al.
(författare)
-
Cold ambient temperature in utero and birth outcomes in Uppsala, Sweden, 1915 to 1929
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 24:2, s. 116-121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeAlthough the literature reports adverse birth outcomes following ambient heat, less work focuses on cold. We, moreover, know of no studies of cold that examine stillbirth. We tested the relation between cold ambient temperature during pregnancy in Sweden and four outcomes: stillbirth, preterm, birth weight for gestational age, and birth length. We examined births from 1915 to 1929 in Uppsala, Sweden, which—unlike most societies today—experienced substandard indoor-heating and fewer amenities to provide shelter from cold.MethodsWe retrieved data on almost 14,000 deliveries from the Uppsala Birth Cohort Study. We linked a validated, daily ambient temperature series to all pregnancies and applied Cox proportional hazards (stillbirth and preterm) and linear regression models (birth weight and length). We tested for nonlinearity using quadratic splines.ResultsThe risk of stillbirth rose as ambient temperature during pregnancy fell (hazard ratio for a 1°C decrease in temperature, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.17). Cold extremes adversely affected preterm and birth length, whereas warm extremes increased preterm risk. We observed no relation between cold and birth weight for gestational age.ConclusionIn historical Sweden, cold temperatures during pregnancy increased stillbirth and preterm risk and reduced birth length among live births.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Fedirko, Veronika, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol drinking and endometrial cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 23:2, s. 93-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Alcohol intake may adversely affect the concentrations of endogenous sex hormones, and thus increase the risk of endometrial cancer. However, epidemiologic studies have provided conflicting results. Therefore, we investigated the association between alcohol intake and endometrial cancer risk a large, multicenter, prospective study. Methods: From 1992 through 2010, 301,051 women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort were followed for incident endometrial cancer (n = 1382). Baseline alcohol consumption was assessed by country-specific, validated dietary questionnaires. Information on past alcohol consumption was collected by lifestyle questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models. Results: The multivariable HRs (and 95% CIs) compared with light drinkers (0.1-6 g/d) were 1.03(0.88-1.20) for 0 g of alcohol per day at baseline, 1.01 (0.86-1.17) for 6.1-12 g/d, 1.03 (0.87-1.22) for 12.1-24 g/d, 1.07(0.87-1.38) for 241-36 g/d, and 0.85(0.61-1.18) for more than 36 g/d (p(trend) = 0.77). No association was observed among former drinkers (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.98-1.68 compared with light drinkers). Null associations were also found between alcohol consumption at age 20 years, lifetime pattern of alcohol drinking, and baseline alcohol intake from specific alcoholic beverages and endometrial cancer risk. Conclusions: Our findings suggest no association between alcohol intake and endometrial cancer risk.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Per E, et al.
(författare)
-
Life course origins of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women and men : the role of socioeconomic status and metabolic risk factors in adolescence and early adulthood
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 21:2, s. 103-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess whether body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and socioeconomic status in adolescence and early adulthood are independently related to the metabolic syndrome in adult women and men. METHODS: We based our work on a Swedish prospective cohort study that recruited participants at 16 years of age (N = 1083 at age 16; 403 women and 429 men at age 43, 78% of those still alive [N = 1071]). Blood pressure (BP) and BMI were assessed when participants were 16 and 21 years of age. At age 43, the metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Socioeconomic status (SES) was operationalized by the participant (age 21 and 43) or parent's (age 16) occupational status. Information on smoking, snuff, alcohol, and inactivity was collected at age 43. RESULTS: In women, SES at age 16 was independently related to the risk of metabolic syndrome. In women and men, BMI at age 16 was related to metabolic syndrome but was attenuated by BMI at age 21, which was significant in the final model; in women systolic BP displayed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Our data seem to suggest two independent life course pathways for metabolic syndrome: one metabolic pathway for both women and men operating through BMI (for women also systolic BP) in adolescence and early adulthood, and for women, an apparently independent pathway through adolescent socioeconomic disadvantage. Ann Epidemiol 2011;21:103-110. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hemminki, Kari, et al.
(författare)
-
Subsequent Autoimmune or Related Disease in Asthma Patients: Clustering of Diseases or Medical Care?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 20, s. 217-222
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Asthma includes immunological components that may share mechanisms with autoimmune diseases. We analyzed the subsequent occurrence of any of 22 autoimmune and related conditions in hospitalized asthma patients. METHODS: A nationwide study was conducted in Sweden on subsequent diseases of asthma patients on the basis of the Hospital Discharge Register. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for subsequent autoimmune diseases. RESULTS: A total of 4006 patients were hospitalized for an autoimmune condition after last hospitalization for asthma. The SIRs were increased for 11 subsequent autoimmune conditions, diagnosed at least 5 years after asthma. The highest SIRs were noted for polyarteritis nodosa (4.29) and Addison disease (3.62). SIRs for these diseases and others, including the most common autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, were increased even when the follow-up was started 5 years after the last asthma hospitalization. Addison disease and Crohn disease were increased in asthma patients hospitalized at various ages, whereas young asthma patients presented with celiac disease and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized asthma patients presented with a number of subsequent autoimmune and related diseases. Although we were unable to exclude the effects of environmental factors, the data suggest that shared genetic factors or gene-environment interactions may explain coexistence of some of these diseases.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Larsson, Susanna C., et al.
(författare)
-
Black tea consumption and risk of stroke in women and men
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 23:3, s. 157-160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Our aim was examine the association between black tea consumption and risk of total stroke and stroke types in a prospective study. Methods: A total of 74,961 Swedish women and men who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline in 1997 were followed up through December 2008. Tea consumption was assessed with a questionnaire at baseline. Stroke cases were ascertained from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry. Results: During a mean follow-up of 10.2 years, we ascertained 4089 cases of first stroke, including 3159 cerebral infarctions, 435 intracerebral hemorrhages, 148 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 347 unspecified strokes. After adjustment for other risk factors, high tea consumption was associated with a significantly lower risk of total stroke; however, there was no dose response relation (P for trend = .36). Compared with no tea consumption, the multivariable relative risk for four or more cups per day (median, 5) was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.998). The corresponding relative risks were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.61-1.04) for cerebral infarction and 0.68 (95% Cl, 0.35-1.30) for hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions: These findings suggest that daily consumption of four or more cups of black tea is inversely associated with risk of stroke. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
- McCoy, Brittany M., et al.
(författare)
-
Mediators of the association between parental severe mental illness and offspring neurodevelopmental problems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - New York, USA : Elsevier. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 24:9, s. 629-634.e1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Parental severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with an increased risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a study to examine the extent to which risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age mediated this association.Methods: We obtained data on offspring born 1992-2001 in Sweden (n = 870,017) through the linkage of multiple population-based registers. We used logistic and Cox regression to assess the associations between parental SMI, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and offspring ASD and ADHD, as well as tested whether adverse pregnancy outcomes served as mediators.Results: After controlling for measured covariates, maternal and paternal SMI were associated with an increased risk for preterm birth, low birth weight, and gestational age, and for offspring ASD and ADHD. These pregnancy outcomes were also associated with an increased risk of ASD and ADHD. We found that pregnancy outcomes did not mediate the association between parental SMI and offspring ASD and ADHD, as there was no substantial change in magnitude of the risk estimates after controlling for pregnancy outcomes.Conclusions: Parental SMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes appear to be independent risk factors for offspring ASD and ADHD.
|
|
| 10. |
- Crump, Casey, et al.
(författare)
-
Gestational Age at Birth and Risk of Gastric Acid-Related Disorders in Young Adulthood
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-2797. ; 22:4, s. 233-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Preterm birth is associated with gastric acid-related disorders in infancy, but no investigators have examined this association beyond early childhood. We used antisecretory medication data to explore whether preterm birth is associated with gastric acid-related disorders in young adulthood. METHODS: We conducted a national cohort study of 626,811 individuals born in Sweden in 1973 to 1979, followed up for antisecretory (proton pump inhibitor and H2-receptor antagonist) medication prescriptions from all outpatient and inpatient pharmacies nationwide from 2005 to 2009 (ages 25.5-37.0 years). We excluded individuals with congenital anomalies, and examined potential confounding by other comorbidities identified on the basis of oral anti-inflammatory or corticosteroid medication prescription. RESULTS: Gestational age at birth was inversely associated with antisecretory medication prescription in young adulthood. Adjusted odds ratios for >= 1 antisecretory medication prescription/year were 3.38 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.73-6.62) for individuals born at 22-27 weeks, 1.38 (95% CI, 1.19-1.60) for those born at 28-34 weeks, and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.06-1.32) for those born at 35-36 weeks, relative to those born full-term (37-42 weeks). Exclusion of individuals who were prescribed oral anti-inflammatory or corticosteroid medications (>= 1/year) had little effect on these results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that low gestational age at birth may be independently associated with an increased risk of gastric acid-related disorders in young adulthood. Ann Epidemiol 2012;22:233-238. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
