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- Bean, Christopher, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Poor peer relations in adolescence, social support in early adulthood, and depressive symptoms in later adulthood : evaluating mediation and interaction using four-way decomposition analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 29, s. 52-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Supportive social relations are associated with good mental health, yet few studies have considered the prospective importance of adolescent peer relations for adult mental health and the potential mechanisms involved.Methods: Participants (n=941) were sourced from the Northern Swedish Cohort, a prospective study comprising school students aged 16 in 1981. Integrating life course epidemiology with four-way decomposition analysis, this paper considers the controlled direct effect of poor peer relations at age 16 on depressive symptoms at age 43, the pure indirect effect mediated by the availability of social support at age 30, and potential interactions between the exposure and the mediator.Results: After controlling for gender, baseline depressive symptoms and parental socioeconomic position, poor peer relations at age 16 were associated with depressive symptoms at age 43, largely irrespective of social support at age 30. Nonetheless, poor peer relations in adolescence were associated with poorer social support at age 30, and mediation accounted for a modest proportion (pure indirect effect 10%) of the association between poor peer relations and depressive symptoms at age 43.Conclusions: Policies to foster constructive peer relations for adolescents at school are encouraged; such policies may promote both the availability of social support and better mental health across the life course.
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- Pazzagli, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Marginal structural model to evaluate the joint effect of socioeconomic exposures on the risk of developing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes : a longitudinal study based on data from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study Group
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - New York : Elsevier. - 1047-2797 .- 1873-2585. ; 27:8, s. 479-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Diabetic nephropathy is a severe complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D) that may lead to renal failure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) demanding dialysis and transplantation. The aetiology of diabetic nephropathy is multifactorial and both genes and environmental and life style related factors are involved. In this study we investigate the effect of the socioeconomic exposures unemployment and receiving income support on the development of ESRD in T1D patients, using a marginal structural model in comparison with standard logistic regression models.Methods: The study is based on the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register which in 1977 started to register patients developing T1D before 15 years of age. In the analyses we include patients born between 1965 and 1979, developing diabetes between 1977 and 1994, followed until 2013 (n=4034). A marginal structural model (MSM) was fitted to adjust for both baseline and time-varying confounders.Results: The main results of the analysis indicate that being unemployed for more than one year and receiving income support are risk factors for the development of ESRD. Multiple exposure over time to these risk factors increases the risk associated with the disease.Conclusions: Using a MSM is an advanced method well suited to investigate the effect of exposures on the risk of complications of a chronic disease with longitudinal data. The results show that socioeconomic disadvantage increases the risk of developing ESRD in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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- Martinengo, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of chronic wounds in the general population : systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-2797. ; 29, s. 8-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Chronic wounds are a major public health challenge, but little is known about the true burden with studies reporting different estimates because of disparities in study designs and measurement methods. This hampers efficient resource allocation, planning, and improvement of wound care. Methods: Our study aimed to pool prevalence estimates from a global perspective by systematically carrying out searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Global Health, and PsycINFO databases for articles reporting the prevalence of chronic wounds in adults, from January 2000 to June 2018. The included publications had to define wound chronicity by duration (≥3 weeks), and/or labeling the wounds as chronic, complex, or hard-to-heal. Results: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, and 11 studies analyzing chronic wounds in the general population were included in random effects meta-analyses to calculate pooled prevalence. Chronic wounds of mixed etiologies (n = 3) showed a pooled prevalence of 2.21 per 1000 population, and for chronic leg ulcers (n = 9), the prevalence was estimated at 1.51 per 1000 population. Conclusions: Our findings, aligned to previous studies reporting point prevalence of chronic wounds identified within the healthcare system, showed that the vast majority of chronic wounds in epidemiological studies are made up by chronic leg ulcers.
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- Tverdal, A., et al.
(författare)
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Coffee and wine consumption is associated with reduced mortality from alcoholic liver disease: follow-up of 219,279 Norwegian men and women aged 30-67 years
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-2797. ; 28:11, s. 753-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To study the association between coffee and alcoholic beverage consumption and alcoholic liver disease mortality. Methods: In total, 219,279 men and women aged 30-67 years attended cardiovascular screening in Norway from 1994 to 2003. Linkage to the Cause of Death Registry identified 93 deaths from alcoholic liver disease. Coffee consumption was categorized into four levels: 0, 1-4, 5-8, and greater than or equal to 9 cups/d and alcohol consumption as 0, greater than 0 to less than 1.0, 1.0 to less than 2.0, and greater than or equal to 2.0 units/d, for beer, wine, liquor, and total alcohol consumption. Results: The hazard ratios per one category of consumption were 2.06 (95% confidence interval 1.62-2.61), 0.68 (0.46-1.00), and 2.54 (1.92-3.36) for beer, wine, and liquor, respectively. Stratification at 5 cups/d (the mean) revealed a stronger association between alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease at less than 5 versus 5 or more cups/d. With less than 5 cups/d, 0 alcohol units/d as reference, the hazard ratio reached to 25.5 (9.2-70.5) for greater than or equal to 2 units/d, whereas with greater than or equal to 5 cups/d, it reached 5.8 (1.9-17.9) for greater than or equal to 2 units/d. A test for interaction was significant (P = .01). Conclusions: Coffee and wine consumption were inversely associated with alcoholic liver disease death. Total alcohol consumption was adversely associated with alcoholic liver disease mortality and the strength of the association varied with the level of coffee consumption. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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