| 1. |
- McAllister, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Perturbation and hoarseness : a pilot study of six children's voices.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Voice. - 0892-1997 .- 1873-4588. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fundamental frequency (FO) perturbation has been found to be useful as an acoustic correlate of the perception of dysphonia in adult voices. In a previous investigation, we showed that hoarseness in children's voices is a stable concept composed mainly of three predictors: hyperfunction, breathiness, and roughness. In the present investigation, the relation between FO perturbation and hoarseness as well as its predictors was analyzed in running speech of six children representing different degrees of hoarseness. Two perturbation measures were used: the standard deviation of the distribution of perturbation data and the mean of the absolute value of perturbation. The results revealed no clear relation.
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| 2. |
- White, Peta, 1961-
(författare)
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Formant frequency analysis of children's spoken and sung vowels using sweeping fundamental frequency production
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Voice. - : Singular Publishing Group. - 0892-1997 .- 1873-4588. ; 13:4, s. 570-582
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-pitched productions present difficulties in formant frequency analysis due to wide harmonic spacing and poorly defined formants. As a consequence, there is little reliable data regarding children's spoken or sung vowel formants. Twenty-nine 11-year-old Swedish children were asked to produce 4 sustained spoken and sung vowels. In order to circumvent the problem of wide harmonic spacing, F-1 and F-2 measurements were taken from vowels produced with a sweeping F-0. Experienced choir singers were selected as subjects in order to minimize the larynx height adjustments associated with pitch variation in less skilled subjects. Results showed significantly higher formant frequencies for speech than for singing. Formants were consistently higher in girls than in boys suggesting longer vocal tracts in these preadolescent bays. Furthermore, formant scaling demonstrated vowel dependent differences between boys and girls suggesting non-uniform differences in male and female vocal tract dimensions. These vowel-dependent sex differences were not consistent with adult data.
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