| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Struggle for time to teach. Teachers experiences of their work situation.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 40:Suppl 1, s. 111-118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The objective of this study was to from a gender perspective, explore elementary school teacher' experiences of their work situation, and identify conditions that could be health risks. Participants: Eighteen female teachers who work in an elementary school in Northern Sweden. Method: Thematic interviews were conducted using an interview guide. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed text and interpretations were made within gender theory. Results: Four categories emerged: "Squeezed between dream and reality", "Effort to keep up with demands", "We can make it together" and "The school needs men's qualities". The categories were linked together with the theme "A struggle for time to teach". The theme describes the conflict between the teachers' ambitions to teach and create a stimulating learning environment versus the increased need for behaviour control that took time from classroom work. Beside work at the school, the teachers carried a large burden of domestic work.Conclusions: Teachers' work includes both endless demands and great joy. Their work is structured within the schools gender system in which caring duties are subordinated despite a growing demand for behaviour control. Traditional gender roles affect their domestic work load.
|
|
| 2. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficient and effective learning for safety from incidents
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 3216-3222
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning from incidents is important for improving safety. Many companies spend a great deal of time and money on such learning procedures. The objectives of this paper are to present some early results from a project aimed at revealing weaknesses in the procedures for learning from incidents and to discuss improvements in these procedures, especially in chemical process industries. The empirical base comes from a project assessing organizational learning and the effectiveness of the different steps of the learning cycle for safety and studying relations between safety-specific transformational leadership, safety climate, trust, safety-related behavior and learning from incidents. The results point at common weaknesses in the organizational learning, both in the horizontal learning (geographical spread) and in vertical learning (double-loop learning). Furthermore, the effectiveness in the different steps of the learning cycle is low due to insufficient information in incident reports, very shallow analyses of reports, decisions that focus at solving the problem only at the place where the incident took place, late implementations and weak solutions. Strong correlations with learning from incidents were found for all safety climate variables as well as for safety-related behaviors and trust. The relationships were very strong for trust, safety knowledge, safety participation and safety compliance.
|
|
| 3. |
- Alm, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
How to increase safety in complex systems - an ongoing project
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41:Suppl. 1, s. 3234-3237
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe an ongoing project with the aim of improving safety in an organization working with maintenance and development of the railway infrastructure in Sweden. The first sub goal was to investigate the Genta method, with 62 employees resulted in a description of these latent errors in the organization.eral Failure Types in the organization. Seminars and interviews, based on the Tripod Del Recommendations for an improvement toward a safety culture was suggested, action plans were formulated and, in some cases, implemented. A follow up study is planned in a two year perspective.
|
|
| 4. |
- Alm, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
The alarm system and a possible way forward
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41:Suppl. 1, s. 2840-2844
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to make a review of studies concerning problems with alarm systems and to make a theoretical analysis of these problems. The aim is also to show some general design ideas to improve alarm presentation in process descriptions. Using research results from situation awareness and decision making a number of suggestions for further development of alarm systems are presented. Recommendations include providing operators of complex systems feedback that can support their mental models and situational awareness. Furthermore a recommendation is to design alarm systems that can learn from experience.
|
|
| 5. |
- Alm, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
The alarm system and a possible way forward
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41:Supplement 1/ 2012, s. 2840-2844
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to make a review of studies concerning problems with alarm systems and to make a theoretical analysis of these problems. The aim is also to show some general design ideas to improve alarm presentation in process descriptions. Using research results from situation awareness and decision making a number of suggestions for further development of alarm systems are presented. Recommendations include providing operators of complex systems feedback that can support their mental models and situational awareness. Furthermore a recommendation is to design alarm systems that can learn from experience.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between leisure activities and binge drinking in adults: Findings from a Swedish newly sick-listed sample.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Work : A journal of Prevention, Assesment and rehabilitation. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 48:2, s. 143-153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Leisure activities and drinking patterns are factors that can affect health and ability to return to work after a sick-leave. Associations between participation in leisure activities and binge drinking among sick-listed individuals have been paid little attention in the research literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations between leisure activities and binge drinking in a sample of newly sick-listed women and men. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 2,888 individuals aged 19-64 years. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire data from the Health Assets Project, Sweden, was used. Participation in 18 leisure activities was estimated. Binge drinking was defined as consuming alcohol at least once a month, and typically consuming five or more glasses. RESULTS: Among women aged 19-30 years who regularly went to concerts (OR 2.36) and wrote (OR 2.39) associations were found with binge drinking. Lower OR was found among women aged 31-64 who regularly went to the cinema (OR 0.43), out in the nature (OR 0.46) or participated in sports (OR 0.57). Among men, associations were found between socializing with friends and binge drinking in both age groups (OR 3.83 respectively 1.63). Among younger men who attended sporting events OR was 2.31, and among older men participating in religious communities OR was 0.28. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to understanding the interplay between leisure activities and health behavior. In particular, social activities in men were associated with binge drinking while the opposite was true for recreational activities in older women.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bendixen, Hans-Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational therapists' job satisfaction in a changing hospital organisation : A time-geography-based study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Work. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 47:2, s. 159-171
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate occupational therapists’ job satisfaction under a changing regime by using a timegeographicapproach focusing on the therapists’ everyday working lives.PARTICIPANTS: Nine occupational therapists at the Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark.METHOD: A mixed-method design was employed. Occupational therapists kept time-geographic diaries, and the results fromthem were grounded for individual, semi-structured in-depth interviews. Individual reflections on everyday working life wererecorded. Transcribed statements from the interviews were analysed to determine factors influencing job satisfaction.RESULTS: The nine therapists kept diaries for one day a month for a total of 70 preselected days over a period of nine months;six participated in individual interviews. Four factors constraining OT job satisfaction were revealed. Economic concerns, newprofessional paradigms and methods in combination with a new organisational structure for the occupational therapy servicecaused uncertainty. In addition, decreasing possibilities for supervision by colleagues influenced job satisfaction. Opportunitiesfor experiencing autonomy in everyday working life were described as facilitators for job satisfaction.CONCLUSION: The time-geographic and interview methods were useful in focusing on the job satisfaction of occupationaltherapists, who provided individual interpretations of the balance between autonomy and three types of constraints in everydayworking life. The constraints related to organisation, power relations and – not least – how the organisational project of thedepartment fitted in with OTs’ individual projects. Matching of organisational and individual projects is of crucial importance,not only for OTs but for most workplaces where individuals are employed to serve patients in the healthcare sector.
|
|
| 8. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
New ways of organizing product introductions
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 4856-4861, s. 4856-4861
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe and reflect on an interactive research approach used to address the challenges on how to improve product introductions, the part of the product realization process associated with the transfer of a product from product development to serial production. In the interactive research approach, research results as well as improvement of practice are given equal importance. The collaboration between researchers and practitioners therefore addresses both the focus and the process of the change. The approach includes four main iterative steps: 1) mapping/diagnosis, 2) feedback of results, 3) participation in development activities, and 4) follow-up/evaluation. The paper reports findings from interactive research in one company within office product industry and one company group, consisting of three company units within the engine industry. Preliminary findings indicate that the participating companies afterwards work in a more structured way with product introductions and that the employees have gained deeper knowledge about product introductions as well as experienced the advantages of working across functional boundaries. Furthermore, the interactive research approach is suitable to run projects from an ergonomics perspective as it focuses on developing both practice and theory, it is human-centered, and it emphasizes broad participation from practitioners.
|
|
| 9. |
- Berglund, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards understanding and managing the learning process in mail sorting
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41:2, s. 115-126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This paper was based on case study research at the Swedish Mail Service Division and it addresses learning time to sort mail at new districts and means to support the learning process on an individual as well as organizational level. Participants: The study population consisted of 46 postmen and one team leader in the Swedish Mail Service Division. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Data were collected through measurements of time for mail sorting, interviews and a focus group. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: The study showed that learning to sort mail was a much more complex process and took more time than expected by management. Means to support the learning process included clarification of the relationship between sorting and the topology of the district, a good work environment, increased support from colleagues and management, and a thorough introduction for new postmen. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: The identified means to support the learning process require an integration of human, technological and organizational aspects. The study further showed that increased operations flexibility cannot be reinforced without a systems perspective and thorough knowledge about real work activities and that ergonomists can aid businesses to acquire this knowledge.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bergman, Peter N., et al.
(författare)
-
Do job demands and job control affect problem-solving?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 42:2, s. 195-203:42, s. 195-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The Job Demand Control model presents combinations of working conditions that may facilitate learning, the active learning hypothesis, or have detrimental effects on health, the strain hypothesis. To test the active learning hypothesis, this study analysed the effects of job demands and job control on general problem-solving strategies. Participants: A population-based sample of 4,636 individuals (55% women, 45% men) with the same job characteristics measured at two times with a three year time lag was used. Methods: Main effects of demands, skill discretion, task authority and control, and the combined effects of demands and control were analysed in logistic regressions, on four outcomes representing general problem-solving strategies. Results: Those reporting high on skill discretion, task authority and control, as well as those reporting high demand/high control and low demand/high control job characteristics were more likely to state using problem solving strategies. Conclusions: Results suggest that working conditions including high levels of control may affect how individuals cope with problems and that workplace characteristics may affect behaviour in the non-work domain.
|
|
