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- Au, Lauren E., et al.
(författare)
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Post-Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act Adherence to Select School Nutrition Standards by Region and Poverty Level : The Healthy Communities Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of nutrition education and behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1499-4046 .- 1878-2620. ; 52:3, s. 249-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study determined the extent to which schools adhered to select nutrition and wellness provisions of the 2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act and examined differences by US region and school poverty level. Design: Comparison of cross-sectional observational data from the Healthy Communities Study (2013-2015) by region and school poverty level. Participants: A total of 401 US elementary and middle schools. Main Outcome Measures: Adherence with federal nutrition standards for meals and competitive foods; extent of implementation of select aspects of school wellness policies. Analysis: Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression were used. Differences were examined by school poverty level and region, adjusting for other school- and community-level covariates. Results: Most schools reported meeting reimbursable school meal nutrition standards (74%); more schools in the West met nutrition standards (82%) than in the Midwest (64%). Most grains offered at lunch were whole grain-rich (82%), and most competitive foods complied with standards (78%) before they were required. Most schools had a wellness coordinator (80%). Lowest levels of adherence were reported for guidelines for classroom or school event foods. No differences were observed by school poverty level. Conclusions and Implications: Findings suggest that Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act provisions were feasible across a wide variety of schools, and schools successfully implemented reimbursable school meal nutrition standards regardless of school poverty level.
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- Gurzo, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Child Care Sites Participating in the Federal Child and Adult Care Food Program Provide More Nutritious Foods and Beverages
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of nutrition education and behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1499-4046 .- 1878-2620. ; 52:7, s. 697-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare food/beverage provisions between child care sites participating and not participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP).Design: Cross-sectional survey administered in 2016.Setting: Licensed child care centers and homes.Participants: Child care providers (n = 2,400) randomly selected from California databases (30% responded). Respondents (n = 680) were primarily site directors (89%) at child care centers (83%) participating in CACFP (70%).Main Outcome Measures: Meals/snacks served, and food/beverage provisions provided to children of age 1-5 years on the day before the survey.Analysis: Odds ratios unadjusted and adjusted for the number of meals/snacks using logistic regression.Results: Compared with CACFP sites, non-CACFP sites provided fewer meals/snacks; had lower odds of providing vegetables, meats/poultry/fish, eggs, whole grains, and milk; and had higher odds of providing candy, salty snacks, and sugary drinks. After adjusting for the number of meals/snacks, differences were attenuated but remained significant for meats/poultry/fish, milk, candy, salty snacks (centers only), and sugary drinks. Differences emerged in favor of CACFP for flavored/sugar-added yogurt, sweet cereals, frozen treats, and white grains.Conclusions and Implications: Child care sites participating in CACFP are more likely to provide nutritious foods/beverages compared with non-CACFP sites. Child care sites are encouraged to participate in or follow CACFP program guidelines.
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- Pandey, Sujita, et al.
(författare)
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Nudging toward sustainable food consumption at university canteens : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of nutrition education and behavior. - : Elsevier. - 1499-4046 .- 1878-2620. ; 55:12, s. 894-904
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This systematic literature review and meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness of the nudging approach toward sustainable food consumption in the university canteen context.Methods: The systematic literature search was carried out in 5 databases, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and the Royal Library, identifying 14 eligible studies and selecting 9 articles containing adequate information for meta-analysis. The nudging strategies were classified using the typology of interventions in the proximal physical microenvironments framework that resulted in 5 different intervention types: availability, position, size, presentation, and information that belonged to either intervention class-altering properties or placement.Results: The study identified presentation, availability, and information as the most promising nudge intervention for achieving sustainable food consumption at the university canteen or similar settings. Nudging by altering the properties had a small effect size (d = 0.16), and nudging by altering placement showed a medium effect size (d = 0.21).Discussion: Nudging interventions implemented after understanding consumers’ current behavior showed positive effectiveness toward sustainable food consumption rather than implementing random nudges.Conclusions and Implications: It is important that future studies aim to achieve sustainable food consumption by understanding canteen user food preferences and food choice motives before designing a nudging strategy.
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- Vikgren, Jenny, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Visual and Quantitative Evaluation of Emphysema: A Case-Control Study of 1111 Participants in the Pilot Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Academic Radiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1076-6332 .- 1878-4046. ; 27:5, s. 636-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale and Objectives: Emphysema is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The primary aim of this study was to investigate inter- and intraobserver agreement of visual assessment of mild emphysema in low-dose multidetector computed tomography of subjects in the pilot SCAPIS in order to certify consistent detection of mild emphysema. The secondary aim was to investigate the performance of quantitative densitometric measurements in the cohort. Materials and Methods: Participants with emphysema (n = 100, 56 males and 44 females) reported in the electronic case report form of pilot SCAPIS and 100 matched controls (gender, age, height, and weight) without emphysema were included. To assess interobserver variability the randomized examinations were evaluated by two thoracic radiologists. For intraobserver variability three radiologists re-evaluated randomized examinations which they originally evaluated. The results were evaluated statistically by Krippendorff's α. The dataset was also assessed quantitively for % lung attenuation value −950 HU (LAV950), mean lung density and total lung volume by commercially available software. Results: Emphysema was visually scored as mild and Krippendorff's α was ≥0.8 for both the inter- and intraobserver agreement regarding presence of emphysema and approaching 0.8 regarding presence and extent of emphysema by location in the upper lobes. Mean LAV950 was not different between the emphysematous and the nonemphysematous participants; 8.3% and 8.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The inter- and intraobserver agreement for visual detection of mild emphysema in low-dose multidetector computed tomography was good. Surprisingly, quantitative analysis could not reliably identify participants with mild emphysema, which hampers the use of automatic evaluation. © 2019 The Association of University Radiologists
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