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Träfflista för sökning "L773:1878 5921 srt2:(1995-1999)"

Sökning: L773:1878 5921 > (1995-1999)

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1.
  • Katz, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Interpretation of change scores in ordinal clinical scales and health status measures: The whole may not equal the sum of the parts
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Journal of clinical epidemiology. - : Elsevier Inc. - 1878-5921 .- 0895-4356. ; 49:7, s. 711-717
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective of this study was to analyze the problem of interpreting change scores of ordinal health status measures for clinical research or practice. Methods used included exploration of the generation of change scores in the physical ability scale of the SF-36, one of the most widely used generic health status instruments. Resulting data are presented as the ranking of items according to baseline score; a percentage of patients with severe difficulty and Rasch analysis provided the same rank order of item difficulty. On the interval scale provided by the Rasch model a concentration of items reflecting moderate difficulty occurred. This “inflates” numerical gains for patients with moderate disability compared to patients with very severe or minor physical disability. Calibration of change scores using patient perception of the level of change in function showed important variation of numerical gains with baseline. We conclude that numerically equal gains may differ in their meaning depending on baseline health status. It is recommended that distribution of baseline health status measures and distribution of responders by baseline status be reported in evaluative studies.
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2.
  • Lind, L, et al. (författare)
  • Serum calcium : a new, independent, prospective risk factor for myocardial infarction in middle-aged men followed for 18 years.
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 50:8, s. 967-73
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a disease characterized by hypercalcemia, and associated with an increased mortality in cardiovascular diseases. However, serum calcium levels within the normal range have not been evaluated as a prospective cardiovascular risk factor.METHODS: A cohort of males aged 50 (n = 2183) were investigated in 1970-1973 for serum calcium and known cardiovascular risk factors. They were then followed up over the next 18 years.RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 180 subjects experienced a myocardial infarction (MI). The serum calcium levels were significantly elevated at the baseline (2.37 +/- 0.09 SD versus 2.35 +/- 0.09 mmol/l, p < 0.03) in the subjects who developed a MI when compared with the rest of the cohort. Also blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and the atherogenic index were significantly elevated in the MI group (p < 0.01), while HDL-cholesterol was lower at the baseline investigation (p < 0.01). Cox's proportional hazard analysis showed that only serum calcium (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.0003), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.0009), and the atherogenic index (p < 0.002) were significantly independent risk factors for MI. The range of serum calcium levels from the mean value, -2 SDs to the mean value +2 SDs corresponds to a variation in estimated risk for MI ranging from 0.06 to 0.15.CONCLUSIONS: Serum calcium was found to be an independent, prospective risk factor for MI in middle-aged males suggesting a role for extracellular calcium levels in the atherosclerotic process.
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3.
  • von Strauss, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • Attitudes and participation of the elderly in population surveys : data from a longitudinal study on aging and dementia in Stockholm
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier. - 0895-4356 .- 1878-5921. ; 51:3, s. 181-187
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this article was to assess the attitudes of older adults (age >74 years) toward research participation. A questionnaire was mailed to the study population (n = 1197) which included people who had participated in a longitudinal study once, twice, three times, or more. The participants showed a positive attitude in general as 79% saw an advantage of participation and 72% did not report any negative reaction. Older elderly with impaired cognitive functioning and lower education showed the least positive attitude, reporting the first contact and the cognitive testing as the most stressful situations. The group who had participated more than once was the most positive, but more often refused some parts of the clinical examination. We conclude that: (1) more attention is necessary to the initial contact; (2) reduction of stressful or tiring examinations is recommended; and (3) complete information about the research, including the right to refuse individual parts of the study, must be given. Such procedures will improve both the quality and the ethics of the research.
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