| 1. |
- Oliw, E, 1948-
(författare)
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Polyunsaturated C-18 fatty acids derivatized with Gly and Ile as an additional tool for studies of the catalytic evolution of fungal 8-and 9-dioxygenases
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1863:11, s. 1378-1387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungal linoleate diol synthase (LDS) family contains over twenty characterized 8-, 9-, and 10-dioxygenases (DOX), usually fused to catalytically competent cytochromes P450. Crystal structures are not available, but indirect evidence suggests that linoleic acid enters the active site of 8R-DOX-LDS headfirst and enters 9S-DOX-allene oxide synthase (AOS) with the omega-end (tail) first. Fatty acids derivatized with amino acids can conceivably be used to study oxidation in tail first position by enzymes, which bind natural fatty acids headfirst. The results might reveal catalytic similarities of homologous enzymes. 8R-DOX-5,8-LDS oxidize 18:2n-6-Ile and 18:2n-6-Gly in tail first position to 9S-hydroperoxy metabolites, albeit with less position and stereo specificity than 9S-DOX-AOS. The oxygenation mechanism of 9S-DOX-AOS with antarafacial hydrogen abstraction at C-11 and oxygen insertion at C-9 was also retained. Two homologues, 8R-DOX-7,8-LDS and 8R-DOX-AOS, oxidized 18:2n-6-Ile and 18:2n-6-Gly at C-9, suggesting a conserved feature of 8R-DOX domains. 9R-DOX-AOS, with 54% sequence identity to 9S-DOX-AOS, did not oxidize the derivatized C-18 fatty acids. 9Z,12Z-16:2, two carbon shorter than 18:n-6 from the omega-end, was rapidly metabolized to an alpha-ketol, but 7Z,10Z-16:2 was not a substrate. An unsaturated carbon chain from C-1 to C-8 was apparently more important than the configuration at the omega-end. 8R-DOX-LDS and 9R-DOX-AOS may thus bind 18:2n-6 in the same orientation. The oxidation of 18:2n-6 in straight or reverse head-to-tail positions illustrates evolutionary traits between 8- and 9-DOX domains. Fatty acids derivatized with amino acids provide a complementary tool for the analysis of evolution of enzymes.
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| 2. |
- Câmara-Costa, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological Outcome of Children Treated for Standard Risk Medulloblastoma in the PNET4 European Randomized Controlled Trial of Hyperfractionated Versus Standard Radiation Therapy and Maintenance Chemotherapy.
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-355X .- 0360-3016. ; 92:5, s. 978-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the European HIT-SIOP PNET4 randomized controlled trial, children with standard risk medulloblastoma were allocated to hyperfractionated radiation therapy (HFRT arm, including a partially focused boost) or standard radiation therapy (STRT arm), followed, in both arms, by maintenance chemotherapy. Event-free survival was similar in both arms. Previous work showed that the HFRT arm was associated with worse growth and better questionnaire-based executive function, especially in children <8years of age at diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare performance-based cognitive outcomes between treatment arms.
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| 3. |
- Lesniak, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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High-throughput screening and radioligand binding studies reveal monoamine oxidase-B as the primary binding target for D-deprenyl
- 2016
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Ingår i: Life Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-3205 .- 1879-0631. ; 152, s. 231-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: D-deprenyl is a useful positron emission tomography tracer for visualization of inflammatory processes. Studies with [C-11]-D-deprenyl showed robust uptake in peripheral painful sites of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or chronic whiplash injury. The mechanism of preferential D-deprenyl uptake is not yet known, but the existence of a specific binding site was proposed. Thus, in the present study, we sought to identify the binding site for D-deprenyl and verify the hypothesis about the possibility of monoamine oxidase enzymes as major targets for this molecule. Main methods: A high-throughput analysis of D-deprenyl activity towards 165 G-protein coupled receptors and 84 enzyme targets was performed. Additionally, binding studies were used to verify the competition of [H-3]D-deprenyl with ligands specific for targets identified in the high-throughput screen. Key findings: Our high-throughput investigation identified monoamine oxidase-B, monoamine oxidase-A and angiotensin converting enzyme as potential targets for D-deprenyl. Further competitive [3H] D-deprenyl binding studies with specific inhibitors identified monoamine oxidase-B as the major binding site. No evident high-affinity hits were identified among G-protein coupled receptors. Significance: Our study was the first to utilize a high-throughput screening approach to identify putative D-deprenyl targets. It verified 249 candidate proteins and confirmed the role of monoamine oxidase - B in D-deprenyl binding. Our results add knowledge about the possible mechanism of D-deprenyl binding, which might aid in explaining the increased uptake of this compound in peripheral inflammation. Monoamine oxidase-B will be further investigated in future studies utilizing human inflamed synovium.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Caring as a salutogenic aspect in teachers' lives
- 2015
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Ingår i: Teaching and Teacher Education. - 0742-051X .- 1879-2480. ; 46, s. 51-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This inquiry explored how a group of teachers experienced resources for their well-being, both at work and in their private lives. The findings indicate that caring, for others and for oneself, is central for teachers' well-being. Caring is manifested in being present in the moment, and in actions which promote the well-being of oneself and others. Implications from the findings suggest that both school administration and teacher education should pay special attention to the caring aspects of teaching, as they influence teachers' well-being and retention, as well as the pupils' learning. Health promotion interventions could benefit from these findings.
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| 5. |
- Rådman, Lisa, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Neurosensory findings among electricians with self-reported remaining symptoms after an electrical injury : A case series
- 2016
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Ingår i: Burns. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 42:8, s. 1712-1720
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Symptoms described in previous studies indicate that electrical injury can cause longstanding injuries to the neurosensory nerves. The aim of the present case series was to objectively assess the profile of neurosensory dysfunction in electricians in relation to high voltage or low voltage electrical injury and the "no-let-go phenomenon".Methods: Twenty-three Swedish male electricians exposed to electrical injury were studied by using a battery of clinical instruments, including quantitative sensory testing (QST). The clinical test followed a predetermined order of assessments: thermal perceptions thresholds, vibration perception thresholds, tactile gnosis (the Shape and Texture Identification test), manual dexterity (Purdue Pegboard Test), and grip strength. In addition, pain was studied by means of a questionnaire, and a colour chart was used for estimation of white fingers.Results: The main findings in the present case series were reduced thermal perceptions thresholds, where half of the group showed abnormal values for warm thermal perception and/or cold thermal perception. Also, the tactile gnosis and manual dexterity were reduced. High voltage injury was associated with more reduced sensibility compared to those with low voltage.Conclusion: Neurosensory injury can be objectively assessed after an electrical injury by using QST with thermal perception thresholds. The findings are consistent with injuries to small nerve fibres. In the clinical setting thermal perception threshold is therefore recommended, in addition to tests of tactile gnosis and manual dexterity (Purdue Pegboard).
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| 6. |
- Wang, F., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical analysis of human thoracic injury responses in vehicle lateral and oblique crashes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lixue Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. - 0459-1879. ; 48:1, s. 225-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vehicle lateral and oblique impacts account for a large proportion of traffic accidents resulting in serious occupant injuries. There is a lack of adequate investigations into the thoracic injury biomechanics in lateral and oblique impacts, compared to thoracic injuries in frontal impacts. Therefore, this article aims to study the biomechanical response and injury related parameters of the thorax under these two impact scenarios. First, an FE model of entire human body in sitting posture is established via combining previously developed FE models of the thorax, the head-neck and the lower extremities. Afterwards, the sitting human body FE model is used to simulate the 7 cadaver experiments by Shaw et al. in lateral and oblique impact to thorax. The calculated injury related response curves of the impact force, thorax deformation, and force-deformation are correspondingly within the biomechanical response curve corridors from experiments, which verified the validity of the sitting human body model. The peak value of impact force is close to the upper boundary of the test corridor, and the deformation approaches the lower boundary of the experimental results. Meanwhile, the peak of impact force from the lateral impact simulations is slightly larger than the resulting peak from oblique impact, and the peak of the timing is earlier. The peak of chest deformation in lateral impacts is smaller than that from the oblique impact, and the peak also appears earlier. This presents a trend consistent with the experimental results. Analysis shows that under the same intensity of impact load the thorax tolerance in lateral impact is higher than that in oblique impact. The thorax finite element model can accurately reproduce biomechanical response process in the lateral and oblique experiments. The model demonstrates good biofidelity to study the occupant thorax injury biomechanics.
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| 7. |
- Wärner, Hugo, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Thermomechanical Fatigue Behaviour of Aged Heat Resistant Austenitic Alloys
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Fatigue. - : Elsevier. - 0142-1123 .- 1879-3452. ; :127, s. 509-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing demands for efficiency and flexibility result in more severe operating conditions for the materials used in critical components of biomass power plants. These operating conditions involve higher temperature ranges, more pronounced environmental effects and cyclic operations. Austenitic stainless steels have shown to possess promising high temperature properties which makes them suitable as candidates for critical components in biomass power plant. However, their behaviour under such conditions is not yet fully understood. This work investigates three commercial austenitic alloys: Esshete 1250, Sanicro 25 and Sanicro 31HT. The alloys were subjected to in-phase (IP) thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) testing under strain-control in the temperature range of 100–800 °C. Both virgin and pre-aged TMF specimens were tested in order to simulate service degradation resulting from long-term usage. The results show that the pre-aged specimens suffered shorter TMF-life compared to the virgin specimens. The scanning electron microscopy methods electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyse and discuss active failure and deformation mechanisms. The difference in TMF-life produced by the two testing conditions was attributed to an embrittling effect by precipitation, reduced creep properties and oxidation assisted cracking.
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| 8. |
- Xiao, Sen, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of chest injury in frontal impact via finite element modelling based on biomechanical experiment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Lixue Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. - 0459-1879. ; 49:1, s. 191-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The usage of the seatbelt as a part of the vehicle protection system has immensely promoted occupant safety. However, recent accident investigation shows that it is necessary to increase the chest injury protective e_ciency in frontal impact condition. This study aims to investigate the influence of seatbelt system design variables on occupant chest injury related physical parameters at varying impact conditions, especially concerning with the chest deflection and distribution of rib stress/strain. The study is conducted by using human body FE model in combination with post mortem human subjects tests. An FE model of the belted occupant is therefore established by using a baseline human body FE model (GHBMC), which is validated according to detailed experimental data regarding kinematics, seatbelt force and chest deflection. A parameter study is implemented in terms of seatbelt position, seatbelt angle and impact speed to determine the influence of seatbelt utilization on occupant thoracic injury in frontal impact. The results show that the influence of seatbelt position on chest deflection and distribution of rib stress/strain is greater than that of the seatbelt angle. Meanwhile, the trends of chest deflections are the same with the trends of the rib stress/strain responses while the changes of seatbelt design variables. This study provides a virtual test method on investigation of the chest injury biomechanics related to the seatbelt design variables. Furthermore, the results from this study of chest injury mechanism will also provide a reference for optimizing of the occupant restraint system. © 2017, Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. All right reserved.
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| 9. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Astrophysical neutrinos and cosmic rays observed by IceCube
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 62:10, s. 2902-2930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The core mission of the IceCube neutrino observatory is to study the origin and propagation of cosmic rays. IceCube, with its surface component IceTop, observes multiple signatures to accomplish this mission. Most important are the astrophysical neutrinos that are produced in interactions of cosmic rays, close to their sources and in interstellar space. IceCube is the first instrument that measures the properties of this astrophysical neutrino flux and constrains its origin. In addition, the spectrum, composition, and anisotropy of the local cosmic-ray flux are obtained from measurements of atmospheric muons and showers. Here we provide an overview of recent findings from the analysis of IceCube data, and their implications to our understanding of cosmic rays.
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| 10. |
- Amati, L., et al.
(författare)
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The THESEUS space mission concept : science case, design and expected performances
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 62:1, s. 191-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- THESEUS is a space mission concept aimed at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts for investigating the early Universe and at providing a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. These goals will be achieved through a unique combination of instruments allowing GRB and X-ray transient detection over a broad field of view (more than 1 sr) with 0.5-1 arcmin localization, an energy band extending from several MeV down to 0.3 keV and high sensitivity to transient sources in the soft X-ray domain, as well as on-board prompt (few minutes) follow-up with a 0.7 m class IR telescope with both imaging and spectroscopic capabilities. THESEUS will be perfectly suited for addressing the main open issues in cosmology such as, e.g., star formation rate and metallicity evolution of the inter-stellar and intra-galactic medium up to redshift similar to 10, signatures of Pop III stars, sources and physics of re-ionization, and the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. In addition, it will provide unprecedented capability to monitor the X-ray variable sky, thus detecting, localizing, and identifying the electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational radiation, which may be routinely detected in the late '20s/early '30s by next generation facilities like aLIGO/ aVirgo, eLISA, KAGRA, and Einstein Telescope. THESEUS will also provide powerful synergies with the next generation of multi-wavelength observatories (e.g., LSST, ELT, SKA, CTA, ATHENA).
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