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- Bengtsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and depression
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain Stimulation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1935-861X.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative symptoms in schizophrenia and core depressive symptoms share phenomenology and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a treatment modality for both conditions. The most common treatment site has been the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) but there might be more optimal targets. Furthermore, the implementation of the currently approved protocols is hampered by the long duration. More intense stimulation protocols such as the theta burst stimulation (TBS) are significantly shorter and may be as effective and safe.The overall aim of this project is to evaluate the treatment effect of TBS on poor motivation and anhedonia in schizophrenia and depression and to explore the neurobiological correlates of these deficits.The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) is a key cortical area in networks associated with motivation and anhedonia and it is affected in both schizophrenia and depression. The dmPFC has recently been identified as a possible site of stimulation and is now within reach by new angled coils that have deeper tissue penetration.Our study will enroll 38 patients with schizophrenia, 38 patients with depression and 38 healthy volunteers. Patients will be given daily TBS (totally 2400 pulses, 1200 on each hemisphere) over the dmPFC during 10 days. Target symptoms will be assessed with the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS). We will also assess cortical excitability with paired-pulse stimulation and the pre-attentive memory function with mismatch negativity (MMN), spontaneous motor activity (assessed with 24 hours accelerometer) as well as autonomic nervous system tone (assessed by skin conductance, heart rate variability and breathing pattern). In addition, we will evaluate cognitive function (speed of processing, verbal fluency, auditory and working memory, visuospatial ability) during rest and stress.
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- Samoudi, Ghazaleh, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Stochastic Vestibular Galvanic Stimulation and LDOPA on Balance and Motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain Stimulation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1935-861X. ; 8:3, s. 474-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Balance problems contribute to reduced quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD) and available treatments are often insufficient for treating axial and postural motor symptoms. Objective: To investigate the safety of use and possible effects of stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS) alone and combined with LDOPA in patients with PD. Methods: SVS or sham stimulation was administered to 10 PD patients in a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over pilot study. Motor symptoms and balance were evaluated in a defined off-medication state and after a 200 mg test dose of LDOPA, using UPDRS-III, Posturo-Locomotor-Manual (PLM) movement times (MT), static posturography and force plate measurements of the correcting response to a balance perturbation. Results: Patients did not detect when SVS was active, but SVS increased nausea after LDOPA in two patients. Mixed model analysis demonstrated that SVS improved balance corrections after a backward perturbation and shortened the postural response time. In static posturography there was significant interaction between effects of SVS, medication and proprioceptive input (standing on foam vs. on hard support) and SVS decreased the total sway-path with eyes closed and off medication. As expected, LDOPA improved the UPDRS-III scores and MT. There was an interaction between the effect of SVS and LDOPA on UPDRS-III partly because of reduced UPDRS-III scores with SVS in the off-medication state. Conclusions: Short term use of SVS is safe, improves corrective postural responses and may have a small positive effect on motor symptoms in PD patients off treatment. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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