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- Englund, Liselotte, 1964-
(författare)
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Healthcare and Media Interaction in Major Incidents and Disasters : Experiences Based on Swedish KAMEDO Reports in 20 years
- 2023
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Ingår i: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1049-023X .- 1945-1938. ; 38:S1, s. s96-s96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Major Incidents and Disasters are often associated with early, extensive and prolonged media reporting. It is important to understand the interaction between first responders/rescue services and the media to create better conditions for providing and making available correct and objective information to as many people as possible.Method: A systematic literature review and content analysis was made on all Swedish KAMEDO reports (emergency medicine observations published by the National Board of Healthand Welfare) from the last twenty years, in total 39 reports. KAMEDO’s primary task is to feedback experience data (lessons learned) from disasters worldwide, through expert observers at the site of an emergency event. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the experiences made regarding the interaction between media and healthcare in connection with major incidents and disasters, both on site and in hospitals.Results: The analysis resulted in the following main themes:(1) Communication problems and other challenges in Major Incidents and Disasters• No protection and restrictions• Information craving and news hunt• Interviews as intervention(2) Recommendations for efficient interaction between healthcare and the media:• Strategies from alert to action• Satisfying information needs• Clarity measures on site• Key actors of importance• Proactive media alertnessConclusion: Some conclusions regarding lessons learned about interaction between healthcare and the media, as well as about communication with the afflicted and citizens, in brief: The hospital management should take control of the communication through efficient communication strategies. An accommodating approach to the media's presence can facilitate the dissemination of the necessary early, correct and balanced information. Joint authority press conferences are a model tested and positively evaluated. Healthcare communicators are key actors in hospital crisis communication and media management. Healthcare and media both benefit from developing routines and reciprocal respect for proactive and efficient interaction in emergencies.
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| 2. |
- Holgersson, Stellan, 1964
(författare)
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Hands-On Model of the Principle of Isotope Dilution Analysis for Use in an Interactive Teaching and Learning Classroom Exercise
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Education. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-9584 .- 1938-1328. ; 98:4, s. 1208-1220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple hands-on model for illustrating the concept of isotope dilution analysis (IDA) has been devised. The model consists of two sets of beads of different sizes, with one set representing atoms of the analyte and the other set representing solvent water molecules. Phase separation is mimicked by sieving the beads, and the results are detected according to the color of the analyte beads. In this paper, the following three IDA methods are illustrated using the model: (1) direct IDA, (2) substoichiometric IDA, and (3) IDA-assisted neutron activation analysis. The model was demonstrated for a small group of graduate students with previous knowledge of nuclear chemistry, and the response from an inquiry held after the demonstration was good. It is suggested that the model can be used in a dry chemistry laboratory exercise to demonstrate the methodological differences between the different IDA methods, without the need for costly radioisotopes or irradiation facilities. It can also be used as a tool for engaging students in meta-modeling activities.
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| 3. |
- McLoughlin, Stephen, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Dwelling in the dead zone—vertebrate burrows immediately succeeding the end-Permian extinction event in Australia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Palaios. - Broken Arrow : Society for Sedimentary Geology. - 0883-1351 .- 1938-5323. ; 35, s. 342-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A distinctive burrow form, Reniformichnus australis n. isp., is described from strata immediately overlying and transecting the end-Permian extinction (EPE) horizon in the Sydney Basin, eastern Australia. Although a unique excavator cannot be identified, these burrows were probably produced by small cynodonts based on comparisons with burrows elsewhere that contain body fossils of the tracemakers. The primary host strata are devoid of plant remains apart from wood and charcoal fragments, sparse fungal spores, and rare invertebrate traces indicative of a very simplified terrestrial ecosystem characterizing a ‘dead zone’ in the aftermath of the EPE. The high-paleolatitude (~ 65–75deg S) setting of the Sydney Basin, together with its higher paleoprecipitation levels and less favorable preservational potential, is reflected by a lower diversity of vertebrate fossil burrows and body fossils compared with coeval continental interior deposits of the mid-paleolatitude Karoo Basin, South Africa. Nevertheless, these burrows reveal the survivorship of small tetrapods in considerable numbers in the Sydney Basin immediately following the EPE. A fossorial lifestyle appears to have provided a selective advantage for tetrapods enduring the harsh environmental conditions that arose during the EPE. Moreover, high-paleolatitude and maritime settings may have provided important refugia for terrestrial vertebrates at a time of lethal temperatures at low-latitudes and aridification of continental interiors.
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| 4. |
- MAYS, CHRIS, et al.
(författare)
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End-Permian burnout: the role of Permian–Triassic wildfires in extinction, carbon cycling, and environmental change in eastern Gondwana
- 2022
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Ingår i: Palaios. - Washington D.C. : Society for Sedimentary Geology. - 0883-1351 .- 1938-5323. ; 37:6, s. 292-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wildfire has been implicated as a potential driver of deforestation and continental biodiversity loss during the end-Permian extinction event (EPE; ~ 252 Ma). However, it cannot be established whether wildfire activity was anomalous during the EPE without valid pre- and post-EPE baselines. Here, we assess the changes in wildfire activity in the high-latitude lowlands of eastern Gondwana by presenting new long-term, quantitative late Permian (Lopingian) to Early Triassic records of dispersed fossil charcoal and inertinite from sediments of the Sydney Basin, eastern Australia. We also document little-transported fossil charcoal occurrences in middle to late Permian (Guadalupian to Lopingian) permineralized peats of the Lambert Graben, East Antarctica, and Sydney and Bowen basins, eastern Australia, indicating that even vegetation of consistently moist high-latitude settings was prone to regular fire events. Our records show that wildfires were consistently prevalent through the Lopingian, but the EPE demonstrates a clear spike in activity. The relatively low charcoal and inertinite baseline for the Early Triassic is likely due in part to the lower vegetation density, which would have limited fire spread. We review the evidence for middle Permian to Lower Triassic charcoal in the geosphere, and the impacts of wildfires on sedimentation processes and the evolution of landscapes. Moreover, we assess the evidence of continental extinction drivers during the EPE within eastern Australia, and critically evaluate the role of wildfires as a cause and consequence of ecosystem collapse. The initial intensification of the fire regime during the EPE likely played a role in the initial loss of wetland carbon sinks, and contributed to increased greenhouse gas emissions and land and freshwater ecosystem changes. However, we conclude that elevated wildfire frequency was a short-lived phenomenon; recurrent wildfire events were unlikely to be the direct cause of the subsequent long-term absence of peat-forming wetland vegetation, and the associated ‘coal gap’ of the Early Triassic.
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