| 1. |
- Magyar, Melissa S., et al.
(författare)
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Using the Personality Assessment Inventory to Predict Male Offenders’ Conduct During and Progression Through Substance Abuse Treatment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychological Assessment. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1040-3590 .- 1939-134X. ; 24:1, s. 216-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior research has supported the utility of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991, 2007) to predict various negative outcomes among offender samples, yet few studies have specifically examined its association with behavior in treatment. In this study, the PAI was administered to 331 male offenders court ordered into substance abuse treatment. Several theoretically relevant PAI scales (e.g., Antisocial Features, Borderline Features) predicted various forms of problematic conduct (e.g., disruptive behavior, aggression) and subjective and objective ratings of treatment progress. Although there was relatively limited evidence for the superiority of any one predictor over the others, the Aggression (AGG) scale demonstrated incremental validity above and beyond other indicators for general noncompliance and aggressive behavior. Interpersonal scales also predicted select treatment behavior while sharing relatively little common variance with AGG. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing lower order and higher order dimensions on the PAI and other measures.
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| 2. |
- Nixon, Reginald, et al.
(författare)
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The Child PTSD Symptom Scale: An Update and Replication of Its Psychometric Properties
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychological Assessment. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1040-3590 .- 1939-134X. ; 25:3, s. 1025-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychometric properties of the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) were examined in 2 samples. Sample 1 (N 185, ages 6–17 years) consisted of children recruited from hospitals after accidental injury, assault, and road traffic trauma, and assessed 6 months posttrauma. Sample 2 (N 68, ages 6–17 years) comprised treatment-seeking children who had experienced diverse traumas. In both samples psychometric properties were generally good to very good (internal reliability for total CPSS scores .83 and .90, respectively). The point-biserial correlation of the CPSS with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis derived from structured clinical interview was .51, and children diagnosed with PTSD reported significantly higher symptoms than non-PTSD children. The CPSS demonstrated applicability to be used as a diagnostic measure, demonstrating sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 72%. The performance of the CPSS Symptom Severity Scale to accurately identify PTSD at varying cutoffs is reported in both samples, with a score of 16 or above suggested as a revised cutoff.
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| 3. |
- Patrick, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing efficiency of psychopathology assessment through quantitative modeling : Development of a brief form of the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychological Assessment. - Washington : American Psychological Association. - 1040-3590 .- 1939-134X. ; 25:4, s. 1332-1348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Externalizing Spectrum Inventory (ESI; Krueger, Markon, Patrick, Benning, & Kramer, 2007) provides for integrated, hierarchical assessment of a broad range of problem behaviors and traits in the domain of deficient impulse control. The ESI assesses traits and problems in this domain through 23 lower order facet scales organized around 3 higher order dimensions, reflecting general disinhibition, callous aggression, and substance abuse. The full-form ESI contains 415 items, and a shorter form would be useful for questionnaire screening studies or multimethod research protocols. In the current work, we employed item response theory and structural modeling methods to create a 160-item brief form (ESI-BF) that provides for efficient measurement of the ESI's lower order facets and quantification of its higher order dimensions either as scale-based factors or as item-based composites. The ESI-BF is recommended for use in research on psychological or neurobiological correlates of problems such as risk-taking, delinquency, aggression, and substance abuse, and studies of general and specific mechanisms that give rise to problems of these kinds.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Tuvblad, Catherine, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The heritability of psychopathic personality in 14- to 15-year-old twins : a multirater, multimeasure approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychological Assessment. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1040-3590 .- 1939-134X. ; 26:3, s. 704-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until now, no study has examined the genetic and environmental influences on psychopathic personality across different raters and method of assessment. Participants were part of a community sample of male and female twins born between 1990 and 1995. The Child Psychopathy Scale and the Antisocial Process Screening Device were administered to the twins and their parents when the twins were 14-15 years old. The Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) was administered and scored by trained testers. Results showed that a 1-factor common pathway model was the best fit for the data. Genetic influences explained 69% of the variance in the latent psychopathic personality factor, while nonshared environmental influences explained 31%. Measurement-specific genetic effects accounted for between 9% and 35% of the total variance in each of the measures, except for PCL: YV, where all genetic influences were in common with the other measures. Measure-specific nonshared environmental influences were found for all measures, explaining between 17% and 56% of the variance. These findings provide further evidence of the heritability in psychopathic personality among adolescents, although these effects vary across the ways in which these traits are measured, in terms of both informant and instrument used.
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