| 1. |
- Alsén, Pia, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Men’s Experience of Difficulties during First Year Following Myocardial Infarction : Not OnlyFatigue
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health. - Irvine. Calif. : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 8, s. 1654-1667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recovery from a myocardial infarction (MI) can be a very difficult process and some patients are also stricken by fatigue. The aim of the study was to describe the difficulties experienced by men with fatigue during the first year following their MI. The study was conducted using qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews with nine men in working age (mean age: 55 years) with verified fatigue (≥12 of 20 on the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale with a mean of 17) one year after their MI. During the first year after the MI the men suffering from fatigue experienced various difficulties in terms of both themselves and the care received. The analysis generated three themes with difficulties described by the interviewed men. 1) Going through involuntary change: not recognizing their body and the inability to recognize themselves. 2) Lacking individualized care: To be denied satisfactory health care treatment and to be denied respectful treatment. 3) Not being seen in the light of the social context: The MI affects the whole family and caregivers do not pay attention to the family. In order to make both the patient and relatives feel secure and cared for, it is essential that caregivers be aware of the importance of providing individualized care over time with particular attention for the patient’s social context.
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| 2. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise and Dietary Restriction for Promotion of Neurohealth Benefits
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7:1, s. 136-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical exercise, whether of aerobic, endurance or resistance types, plays a central role in estab-lishing and maintaining the integrity of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). When exer-cise is adhered to in conjunction with selective food/drink intake and dietary restriction it pro-motes neurohealth. In this article, we review the interactions of age and gender, as well as insulin and diabetes, with exercise, individuals’ cognitive-affective status and its interactions with exer-cise propensity. All of which modulate the eventual outcomes of the influence of exercise upon parameters of neurohealth. The combination of exercise with dietary restriction provides nu-merous factors pertaining to psychological, neurochemical and anti-pathological manifestations of neurophysiological resilience even through aging. The challenge evoked by the exercise-diet com-bination in the body mobilizes a multitude of adaptive cellular stress-response signaling pathways in neurons involving neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, DNA-repair proteins, macroautophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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| 3. |
- Augustsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of Consultant Doctors’ Competence and Impact on Perceived Psychosocial Work Environment : A Pilot Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 9, s. 189-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Work agencies that assign temporary jobs to doctors and nurses are becoming an increasing phenomenon. Aim: The purpose of this pilot study was to explore how consultant doctors (CDs) experience their competence as utilized in practice and what impact this has on their perceived psychosocial work environment. Methods: The findings are based on 11 interviews with CDs working on consultancy assignments in Norway. The CDs were all specialists in fields such as general practice, psychiatry, anesthesia, gynecology, orthopedics, and otolaryngology. Results: The competence that the CDs contributed to their hosting work organization was interpreted differently based on whether the consultant played an active role in the psychosocial work environment and also depended on the doctor’s specialty. Not being integrated into the hosting work organization enhanced the feeling of exclusion and the idea that little or no room was available to contribute one’s competence. Most of the CDs experienced their competence as being utilized to a certain extent, which strengthened their work satisfaction and feeling of playing an active role in the psychosocial work environment.
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| 4. |
- Bortes, Cristian, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health. - United States : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7:3, s. 289-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim with this study is to report a brief alcohol intervention for preventing drinking during pregnancy. The Women’s Organizations Committee on Alcohol and Drug Issues (WOCAD) in Sweden developed a printed information material about alcohol in pregnancy, aiming to reach pregnant women before their first visit at a prenatal clinic. A randomized controlled trial was conducted between 2004 and 2005 to measure if the material had an effect. A total of 564 pregnant women are included in the study, between 17 and 46 years of age. Differences between intervention and control group were analyzed with cross-tabulations and chi-squared-tests. A logistic regression analysis was also conducted to determine predictors of abstention from alcohol at the first prenatal visit. Findings show that significantly more women who received the material did abstain completely from alcohol then those who did not receive the material (92% vs. 82%, p=.005). It is 2.6 times more likely that those who received the material did abstain completely from alcohol since pregnancy recognition at their first prenatal visit compared with those who did not receive it (OR=2,6, CI 1,3-5,1, p=. 005). The information brochure developed by WOCAD can be used in antenatal care to get more women to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy.
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| 5. |
- Dalal, Koustuv, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Economic burden of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of injuries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health. - Irvine, USA : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7, s. 487-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic burdens of injuries at the country level are unknown. In the current study we tried to explore the economic burden of DALYs loss due to injuries at the country level, then distributed according to the World Bank’s income groups. Methods: Data from the World Bank and the World Health Organization websites were used. Disability adjusted life year (DALY) and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were used to estimate the economic loss for RTIs. Estimates of economic burdens were presented in tables and figures.Results: The total economic loss of the world during 2004 by means of DALYs due to injuries was 613. 144 billion USD, corresponding value of 848.205 billion USD in 2014. DALYs burden of injuries were concentrated (almost 75%) among low and lower middle income countries. Economic burdens of injuries were concentrated (over 80%) among higher middle and high income countries. Iraq had lost almost one-fifth of its GDP due to injuries. The USA had the highest amount of economic loss for injuries (169.136 billion USD) among all countries.Conclusion: Injuries are highly expensive and they account for heavy losses to GDP. Injury prevention should be prioritized in order to save such losses to life and economies.
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| 6. |
- Geidne, Susanna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Two NGO-run youth-centers in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden : Who are the participants?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7:9, s. 1158-1174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Leisure-time is an important part of young people’s lives. One way to reduce social differences in health is to improve adolescents’ living conditions, for example by enhancing the quality of after-school activities. Multicultural, socially deprived suburbs have less youth participation in organized leisure-time activities. This study explores who the participants are at two NGO-run youth-centers in multicultural, socially deprived suburbs in Sweden and whether socio-demographic, health-related, and leisure-time factors affect the targeted participation. Methods: The study can be seen as an explanatory mixed-methods study where qualitative data help explain initial quantitative results. The included data are a survey with youth (n = 207), seven individual interviews with staff, and six focus-groups interviews with young people at two youth-centers in two different cities. Results and Conclusions: The participants in the youth-centers are Swedish born youths having foreign-born parents who live with both parents, often in crowded apartments with many siblings. Moreover they feel healthy, enjoy school and have good contact with their parents. It seems that strategies for recruiting youths to youth-centers have a large impact on who participates. One way to succeed in having a more equal gender and ethnicity distribution is to offer youth activities that are a natural step forward from children’s activities. The youth-centers’ proximity is also of importance for participation, in these types of neighborhoods.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Resistance Training in People at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes and Their Experience of Health-Related Quality of Life
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 8, s. 1323-1334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background : Research indicates an association between impaired glucose metabolismand overweight, a serious public health problem involving an increased risk ofType 2 diabetes, related hypertension, and a reduced quality of life. Aim: The firstaim is to assess different dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) inoverweight individuals at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared to a normalpopulation. The second aim is to examine the impact of resistance training on thepre-post HRQoL dimension scores of the intervention group. Methods : Eighteenparticipants were randomly assigned to one of the two resistance training groups.Group 1 engaged in supervised maximal resistance training (Bernstein inverted pyramidsystem: 5× 3 - 4, 60% - 85% of 1 Repetition Maximum (RM)), three days/weekover four months, and Group 2 performed endurance resistance training (includinglower weight loads and more repetitions over four months). The intervention consistedof eight exercises involving the entire body. The subjects completed theShort-Form Health Survey (SF-36) on HRQoL. The HRQoL scores of the norm populationwere higher than those of people at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, andresistance training seemed to have a limited significant positive effect on the differentHRQoL dimensions.
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| 9. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of Humor and General Life Satisfaction in Association with the Biological Effects of Resistance Training in People with Impaired Glucose Tolerance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 9:5, s. 870-882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate associations between psychological and biological changes due to resistance training in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Subjects were randomized into maximal (MRT) versus endurance resistance training (ERT) groups. Intervention periods lasted four months. All subjects had blood work that suggested IGT at the initial screening. The ERT acted as a wait-list control group when the MRT performed their training. Baseline scores on general life satisfaction (LISAT) and sense of humor (SHQ-6: a positive coping resources) were obtained. Potential differences between groups (types of intervention and intervention versus control) were investigated by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Correlations were calculated in each group to estimate the degree of covariance between biological and psychological changes from pre- to post-intervention by Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Sense of humor tended to be correlated with a positive reduction of insulin following MRT as well as with reduction in body fat following ERT. Differences across the intervention groups in changes from pre- to post-training in biological variables (glucose, insulin, muscle mass, and corrected percentage of fat) as well as psychological variables (general life satisfaction and sense of humor) were not significant, whereas differences in BMI and weight were significant. By investigating the intervention groups separately in comparison to the control group, the MRT revealed significant improvement by reduction in insulin, percentage of fat, BMI and weight. The ERT caused significant improvements for insulin and percentage of fat, while general life satisfaction had a significant negative development.
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| 10. |
- Hansen, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Workplace Health Interventions and Physical Fitness Status among Managers of Small-Scale Enterprises in Norway and Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 8, s. 1697-1712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background : The ability of managers of small-scale enterprises (SSEs) to prioritize health, working conditions, and their own physical fitness is an important issue for workplace health promotion in Norway and Sweden, where most owner-manager positions are in SSEs. Aim : To assess the physical fitness status of SSE managers compared to a norm population and to study changes in physical fitness status, self-reported physical activity, and sickness outcomes after workplace health interventions. Methods : The study allocated SSE managers to either an intervention or a reference group. The intervention, over twelve months, consisted of motivational input related to lifestyle and physical activity through tests and feedback, individual support, and courses on health and psychosocial working conditions. The participants (N = 28) completed health screening checks, questionnaires and testing before and after the intervention. Results : SSE managers in the study had positive outcomes for BMI levels and strength compared to the norm population, while percentage of fat for both men and women indicated poor results. There were no further improvements in the intervention group after comparison with the reference group. Separately, both groups seemed to improve strength and body composition. Conclusion : Workplace health interventions with essentially motivational components may increase SSE managers’ attention to physical fitness, but appear to have limited effects on objective and subjective physical fitness outcomes.
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