| 1. |
- Clarke, N, et al.
(författare)
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Availability, accessibility, quality and comparability of monitoring data for European forests for use in air pollution and climate change science
- 2011
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Ingår i: IForest. - : Italian Society of Sivilculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF). - 1971-7458. ; 4:1, s. 162-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from existing monitoring programmes such as ICP Forests, ICP Integrated Monitoring and EMEP, as well as from large-scale international projects such as CarboEurope IP and NitroEurope, can be used to answer questions about the impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems and the feedbacks of forest to climate. However, for full use to be made of the available data, a number of questions need to be answered related to the availability, accessibility, quality and comparability of the data. For example, how can these databases be accessed, e.g., freely, over the internet, on request, by authorisation? How should intellectual property rights be protected, while improving access to data? What possibilities exist for harmonisation? Which quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures have been used and for how long? These and other relevant questions are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Fischer, R, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a transnational system of supersites for forest monitoring and research in Europe - an overview on present state and future recommendations
- 2011
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Ingår i: IForest. - : Italian Society of Sivilculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF). - 1971-7458. ; 4:1, s. 167-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Science based approaches in addressing future risks and challenges for forests require close collaboration among the communities operating different monitoring and research networks as well as experts in process and large-scale modelling. Results of the COST FP0903 conference which took place in October 2010 in Rome, reveal valuable results from different European forest monitoring and research networks. However, the need for closer integration of these activities is obvious. In this paper, representatives from major European networks recommend a new approach for forest monitoring and research in Europe, based on a reasonable number of highly instrumented "supersites" and a larger number of intensive monitoring plots linked to these. This system needs to be built on existing infrastructures but requires increased coordination, harmonisation and a joint long term platform for data exchange and modelling.
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| 3. |
- Lundin, Lars
(författare)
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A meta-database comparison from various European Research and Monitoring Networks dedicated to forest sites
- 2013
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Ingår i: Iforest. - : Italian Society of Sivilculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF). - 1971-7458. ; 6, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of a wide variety of international forest research and monitoring networks, several networks are dedicated to the effects of climate change on forests, while the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on forests have been a major area for both monitoring and research for decades. The large amounts of data already obtained within existing monitoring programmes and large-scale international projects can be used to increase understanding of the state and potential of forest mitigation and adaptation to climate change in a polluted environment, and a major challenge now is to evaluate and integrate the presently available databases. We present a meta-database with the main goal to highlight available data and integrate the information about research and monitoring of selected European Research and Monitoring Networks (ERMNs). Depending on the selected ERMNs, the list of variables and the measurement units differ widely in the databases. As a result, activities related to the identification, evaluation and integration of the presently available databases are important for the scientific community. Furthermore, and equally important, the recognition of current knowledge gaps and future needed research is made easier. This analysis suggests that: ground-level ozone is under-investigated, although it is one of the pollutants of greatest concern to forests; in addition to CO2, long-term other greenhouse gasses (GHG) flux measurements should be carried out; there is still a need of improving links between monitoring of atmospheric changes and impacts on forests; research-oriented manipulative experiments in the forests are missing.
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| 4. |
- Priyadi Rusantoyo, Hari
(författare)
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Approaches to classifying and restoring degraded tropical forests for the anticipated REDD plus climate change mitigation mechanism
- 2011
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Ingår i: Iforest. - : Italian Society of Sivilculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF). - 1971-7458. ; 4, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inclusion of improved forest management as a way to enhance carbon sinks in the Copenhagen Accord of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (December 2009) suggests that forest restoration will play a role in global climate change mitigation under the post-Kyoto agreement. Although discussions about restoration strategies often pertain solely to severely degraded tropical forests and invoke only the enrichment planting option, different approaches to restoration are needed to counter the full range of degrees of degradation. We propose approaches for restoration of forests that range from being slightly to severely degraded. Our methods start with ceasing the causes of degradation and letting forests regenerate on their own, progress through active management of natural regeneration in degraded areas to accelerate tree regeneration and growth, and finally include the stage of degradation at which re-planting is necessary. We argue that when the appropriate techniques are employed, forest restoration is cost-effective relative to conventional planting, provides abundant social and ecological co-benefits, and results in the sequestration of substantial amounts of carbon. For forest restoration efforts to succeed, a supportive post-Kyoto agreement is needed as well as appropriate national policies, institutional arrangements, and local participation.
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| 5. |
- Schlyter, Fredrik
(författare)
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Landscape-scale Ips typographus attack dynamics: from monitoring plots to GIS-based disturbance models
- 2011
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Ingår i: Iforest. - : Italian Society of Sivilculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF). - 1971-7458. ; 4, s. 256-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In natural spruce stands, a change of generation is usually initiated by wind or bark beetle disturbances. We combined semi-temporary monitoring plots, remote sensing, and GIS in order to understand and model these processes. Sub plots, called "active", were located in areas with a high probability of bark beetle or wind disturbances. The optimal location of these plots is usually at an active forest edge, i.e., the zone of maximal change in bark beetle abundance over time, corresponding to the border between wind-damaged or bark beetle-attacked parts and undisturbed parts of a forest stand. The key variable investigated was tree mortality caused by bark beetles. Other variables were similar to those recorded in traditional forest monitoring. Tree defense indicators (resin flow, phenolic compounds) and reaction of a tree to bark beetle inoculation were measured. Terrestrial data were then combined with remote sensing data. Time series of satellite images were analyzed in order to define the pattern of wind and bark beetle damages. Weather monitoring data were used for predicting bark beetle and water stress development. All of the information was integrated in a GIS-based system and future bark beetle infestations were predicted. In this paper, we review previous studies and conclude that: (1) the hypotheses of habitat selection (non-host volatiles and semiochemical diversity) and location of moderately-stressed host trees are confirmed, although further work about olfactory orientation and host resistance is needed;(2) reactions of trees to bark beetle attack can be predicted by monitoring several parameters, e. g., air temperature and tree physiology; (3) data from ground monitoring can be integrated with GIS and remote sensing systems for bark beetle prognosis and management at the habitat and landscape levels.
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