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| 2. |
- Bonde, Hans
(författare)
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Gymnastics between Protestantism and Libertinism from 1880 to 1940 : A Comparative Analysis of Two Internationally Renowned Danish Gymnastics Educators
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - Umeå : Umeå University Library. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 4:2, s. 85-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to analyze and compare two internationally renowned Danish Gymnastics teachers, Jørgen Peter Muller and Niels Bukh. Whereas Muller’s home gymnastics had a cosmopolitan agenda that appealed to everyone regardless of ethnic origin, including many Jews, Bukh’s gymnastics increasingly became embedded in a right-wing nationalist frame of reference. Muller created an individual system of home gymnastics with a focus on health by means of exercises and the cleansing of the body that included a cold shower. In contrast, Bukh’s system was a collective form of gymnastics that emphasised the beauty of the young body. Common to both of them, however, was propagation of sexual liberation, which in Muller’s case focused on the naked heterosexual body’s manifestations in the sunlight and the fresh air. By contrast, Bukh was homosexual and through his aesthetic gaze he encouraged well-trained and sweaty young men to show their muscular upper body in touch-tight choreographies wearing only boxer shorts. It is the main thesis of the article that the contribution of sport to sexual liberation from late Victorianism’s firm grip is far greater than hitherto assumed.
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- Brühwiler, Ingrid
(författare)
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In-between "Swedish Gymnastics" and "Deutsche Turnkunst" : Educating "National" Citizens through Physical Education in Switzerland in the Last Decades of the Nineteenth Century
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - Umeå : Umeå University Library. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 4:2, s. 71-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Switzerland, physical education was as important as it was in other European countries during the last decades of the nineteenth century. Different visions of physical education were adapted to the Swiss context to promote national citizens that were strong and healthy and thus capable of protecting their fatherland. Discussions of Per Henrik Ling’s “Swedish system” and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn’s “Deutsche Turnkunst,” both of which were adapted in the francophone and the germanophone parts of Switzerland, dominated the discourse. Until the end of the nineteenth century, patriotic ideals permeated the army-ruled physical education, although methodology and health topics were discussed as well. The national and civic aims of physical education were the same for girls and boys, with one very important exception: boys were prepared for military service, whereas girls were primarily prepared to be good future mothers.
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- Bruno, Karl, 1985-
(författare)
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Silvi-kulturella möten : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet och högre skoglig utbildning i Etiopien 1986–2009
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 4:1, s. 29-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikeln behandlar Sveriges lantbruksuniversitets stöd till uppbyggandet av högre skoglig utbildning i Etiopien, som ägde rum mellan 1986 och 2009 inom ramen för det svensk-etiopiska utvecklingssamarbetet. Med utgångspunkt i ett växande utbildningshistoriskt intresse för gränsöverskridande möten analyseras hur svenska skogsexperter utformade utbildningar och undervisade i nya miljöer. Begreppet ”silvi-kultur” introduceras för att beskriva hur de spänningar som växte fram inom ramen för engagemanget både handlade om hur skogsutbildning bör gå till och om divergerande akademiska och sociala kulturer. Artikeln är strukturerad kring tre slags ”silvi-kulturella möten” som beskriver biståndsprojektets utveckling tematiskt och kronologiskt. Dessa möten används för att visa att skogen som en konkret, fysisk plats var av central betydelse för de svenska experterna, och för att visa hur de svenska insatserna formades av en förförståelse utvecklad inom ramen för en svensk silvi-kultur som bara delvis var kompatibel med förhållanden i Etiopien.
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- Bruno, Karl
(författare)
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Silvi-kulturella möten : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet och högre skoglig utbildning i Etiopien 1986–2009
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - Umeå : Umeå University Library. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 4:1, s. 29-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silvi-Cultural Encounters: The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Higher Forestry Education in Ethiopia, 1986–2009The article discusses the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences’ support to higher forestry education in Ethiopia, which took place between 1986 and 2009 in the context of Swedish-Ethiopian development cooperation. Against a growing historical interest in transnational encounters within the field of education, it analyses how Swedish forestry experts designed educational programs and taught in new environments. The concept of "silvi-culture" is introduced to signify that the tensions that arose within this aid effort related both to the technicalities of forestry education and to diverging academic and social cultures. The article is structured around three kinds of "silvi-cultural encounters" that describe the development of the project both chronologically and thematically. These encounters are used to demonstrate how the forest as a concrete, physical place was of central importance to the Swedish experts, as well as to show how they were guided by preconceptions developed within the framework of a Swedish silvi-culture that was only partially compatible with the conditions in Ethiopia.
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| 7. |
- Furuhagen, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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From Seminar to University : Dismantling an Old and Constructing a New Teacher Education in Finland and Sweden, 1946–1979
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - Umeå : Umeå University Library. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 4:1, s. 53-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 1970s, Sweden and Finland abandoned the system of seminars for folk school teachers and incorporated all teacher education into the system of higher education. The visions behind the new education, as well as the original plans for its structure, were similar in both countries, but the outcomes were different. Finland managed to a greater extent to implement an academic teacher education located at universities, while the Swedish solution was deemed unsatisfactory by many actors, leading to several new reforms in the following decades. This can be explained by the different nature of the conflicts surrounding the reforms in Sweden and Finland. In Finland, the early 1970s was a period of intense left-right polarisation, followed by attempts to depoliticise teacher education. In Sweden, the vision of an academic teacher education met successful resistance from regional actors, resulting in the preservation of much of the old seminar system under the guise of small teacher education colleges.
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- Horlacher, Rebekka
(författare)
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The Emergence of Physical Education as a Subject for Compulsory Schooling in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century : The Case of Phokion Heinrich Clias and Adolf Spiess
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - Umeå : Umeå University Library. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 4:2, s. 13-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In general, schooling and nation-building are associated with the unifying role of language and history education, since language and culture are perceived as fundamental pillars of the nation. Less discussed—at least regarding the curriculum—is the role of physical education, even if physical education was a highly political issue in the first decades of the nineteenth century. Based on a case study of Switzerland and textbooks for physical education by Adolf Spiess and the activities of Phokion Heinrich Clias for the Bernese school, this article discusses how physical education, distinct from the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries’ care for the body, became a school subject of the nineteenth century compulsory schools and how it was related to the notion of nation and nation-building. It argues that physical education became first part of the “modern” philanthropic education and schooling, was soon taken for granted as an essential curricular component of nation-building and lost thereby the political threat.
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| 9. |
- Larsen, Christian
(författare)
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A Diversity of Schools : The Danish School Acts of 1814 and the Emergence of Mass Schooling in Denmark
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Educational History. - Umeå : Umeå University Library. - 2001-7766 .- 2001-9076. ; 4:1, s. 3-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the nineteenth century, national systems of mass schooling were established in western Europe. In Denmark, King Frederik VI passed a set of five schools’ laws in 1814: one for the village schools, one for the market town schools, one for Copenhagen, one for the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein and one for Jews, in order to create and regulate a system of mass schooling within his realms. This study aims to analyse the impact of the 1814 School Acts and thereby, the emergence of mass schooling in Denmark in the nineteenth century. Three aspects of the 1814 Acts are analysed in this article: firstly, how a local school administration was established; secondly, how new school buildings were built and thirdly, how a new form of teacher and a new teachers’ education was enacted at different stages across the King’s realm and countries, and with very different consequences.
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