| 1. |
- Ayarza, P, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting tectonic history of the are-continent suture in the Southern and Middle Urals: implications for the evolution of the orogen
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of the Geological Society. - : Geological Society of London. - 0016-7649 .- 2041-479X. ; 157, s. 1065-1076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Main Uralian Fault has been considered the original arc–continent suture for 2000 km along the Uralide orogen. The symmetry of the tectonic units across it suggested a consistent east-dipping polarity for the palaeosubduction zone, which, together with its topographic and aeromagnetic signature, supported the idea of a single suture. However, several characteristics vary at different latitudes. In the Middle Urals, it is a strike-slip fault zone with moderately deformed and metamorphosed volcanic arc fragments in its hanging wall, and low-grade metamorphic rocks of the East European Craton in its footwall. Here, it has a prominent NNW-trending magnetic signature which cross-cuts north-trending anomalies in its hanging wall, and a pronounced reflection seismic signature that can be traced to the top of the middle crust at c. 5 s. TWT. In the Southern Urals, it is a serpentinite mélange zone of ambiguous kinematics, with a weakly deformed and metamorphosed volcanic arc in its hanging wall, and moderately metamorphosed to high pressure rocks of the East European Craton in its footwall. In this part of the orogen, it has a weak reflection seismic character, and a magnetic signature that parallels that of its hanging wall. On the basis of an integrated analysis of these different data sets, we suggest that the Main Uralian Fault, as it is currently defined, is not a single entity, but rather the original arc–continent suture in the south, and the western strand of a strike-slip fault system that reworked the original suture in the Middle Urals.
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| 2. |
- Bahroudi, Abbas, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of spatial distribution of Hormuz salt on deformation style in the Zagros fold and thrust belt: an analogue modelling approach
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the Geological Society of London. - : Geological Society of London. - 0016-7649 .- 2041-479X. ; 160, s. 719-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scaled analogue models of thin-skinned simultaneous shortening above adjacent viscous and frictional décollements simulate the effect of Hormuz salt on the shortening in the Zagros fold and thrust belt. The models consisted of sand layers that partly overlay a viscous layer of silicone and were shortened from one end. Spatial distribution of the viscous décollement varied along strike and dip, as occurs in part of the Zagros fold and thrust belt. In this belt, Phanerozoic sedimentary cover was shortened partly above the Hormuz salt lying on the Precambrian crystalline basement, behaving as a basal viscous décollement. Model results display how the nature of the décollement affects the evolution of an orogenic belt. Using model results, we explain the development of deflection zones, and discuss strain partitioning, formation of different topographic wedges and differential sedimentation along the Zagros fold and thrust belt. Model results suggest the formation of a gentle taper, consisting of both foreward and backward thrusts above a viscous décollement and a relatively steeper taper consisting only of forward-vergent imbricates above a frictional décollement. However, in our models, the steepest wedge with the highest topography formed where the viscous substrate had a limited extent with a transitional boundary (pinch-out) perpendicular to the shortening direction. Shortening of this boundary led to development of frontal ramps associated with significant uplift of the area behind the deformation front.
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| 3. |
- Hessami, Khaled, et al.
(författare)
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Progressive unconformities within an evolving foreland fold-thrust belt, Zagros Mountains.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of the Geological Society. - : Geological Society of London. - 0016-7649 .- 2041-479X. ; 158:6, s. 969-981
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major angular unconformity between the Bakhtyari conglomerates and the underlying Agha Jari Formation has long been interpreted as indicating that orogeny in the Zagros Simply Folded Zone took place in Plio-Pleistocene times. This study uses field evidence of unconformities between older units in conjunction with geological maps and cross sections to argue that the front of the Zagros Simply Folded Zone has propagated in time and space. These unconformities indicate that deformation started as early as end Eocene in the northeast of the Simply Folded Zone and propagated progressively to the southwest, where unconformable contacts are only seen between younger units. As shortening continued, the southwest migration of the deformation front drove the foreland basin in front of it to its present position along the Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia. The climax of orogeny took place at end Pliocene time when the most extensive unconformity in the Zagros Simply Folded Zone developed between the (upper) Bakhtyari Formation and older units. Active seismicity and documented present uplift imply that the Simply Folded Zone is still propagating southwestward.
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| 4. |
- Paulsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Attempted break-up of Rodinia at 850 Ma: geochronological evidence from the Seve-Kalak Superterrane, Scandinavian Caledonides
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Geological Society. - 2041-479X. ; 159:6, s. 751-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lower thrust sheets of the Scandinavian Caledonides derive from the margin of Baltica, which was imbricated during Early Palaeozoic closure of oceans formed during separation of the Baltica, Laurentia and Siberia cratons. At Vistas (Kebnekaise Mts), the Seve Nappe Complex preserves rare lenses of a dolerite-intruded granite formed by anatexis during emplacement of gabbro into metasedimentary rocks. Ion microprobe U-Pb dating of prismatic zircons from the granite yielded an age of 845 +/- 14 Ma (mean square weighed deviation (MSWD) 1.15), interpreted to date magmatic crystallization. Cores of complex crystals indicate protolith ages of 1778 +/- 11 Ma (MSWD 0.86); one core yielded an Archaean age. From narrow rims, a 605 +/- 42 Ma metamorphic age is obtained, and is interpreted to reflect the emplacement of the extensive Vendian rift magmatic dolerite dyke swarm. The age pattern allows correlation with a previously dated magmatic complex within the equivalent Kalak Nappe Complex 300 km to the north. Bimodal magmatic complexes with this age pattern do not occur within the basement of the Caledonide foreland, nor elsewhere within the Baltic Shield. However, recent reinterpretations of the Knoydartian event in Scotland as rift related invites correlation with the West Highland Granite Gneiss, which intruded Moine metasedimentary rocks at c. 870 Ma. In Central Taimyr, 850-900 Ma granites of continental crustal derivation and with 1800-1900 Ma Sm-Nd model age occur associated with c. 740 Ma plagiogranites. Using recent palaeogeographical reconstructions, we interpret the evidence of 850-900 Ma magmatism, in Scandinavia, Scotland and Taimyr as bimodal rift magmatism in connected arms during an attempted break-up of Rodinia.
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