| 1. |
- Gars, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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European fuel tax cuts increase Russian oil profits
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Nature. - 2058-7546. ; 7:10, s. 912-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- European fuel tax cuts will lead to significant income transfers to Russia, thus undermining the Union’s sanction efforts against the country. EU politicians should instead consider alternative policies, such as direct income transfers to households, if they want to shield citizens from increased fuel prices without benefiting Russia.
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| 2. |
- Gars, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of European fuel-tax cuts on the oil income of Russia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Nature. - 2058-7546. ; 7:10, s. 989-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, there has been a surge in transport fuel prices. Consequently, many European Union (EU) countries are cutting taxes on petrol and diesel to shield consumers. Using standard theory and empirical estimates, here we assess how such tax cuts influence the oil income in Russia. We find that an EU-wide tax cut of (sic)0.20 l(-1) increases Russia's oil profits by around (sic)8 million per day in the short and long term. This is equivalent to (sic)3,100 million per year, 0.2% of Russia's gross domestic product or 5% of its military spending. We show that a cash transfer to EU citizens-with a fiscal burden equivalent to the tax cut-reduces these side effects to a fraction.
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| 3. |
- Jacobsson, Jesper, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Nature. - 2058-7546. ; 7:1, s. 107-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42,400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences.
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| 4. |
- Jannasch, Patric
(författare)
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Aligned for renewable power
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-7546. ; 7, s. 302-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkaline membrane fuel cells can operate using nonprecious metals as catalysts, but rely on polymeric membranes with high hydroxide conductivity and alkali-resistance, which are hard to find. A new membrane is now reported comprising ferrocenium cations in magnetically aligned domains with an excellent combination of these properties.
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| 5. |
- Jiang, Kui, et al.
(författare)
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Suppressed recombination loss in organic photovoltaics adopting a planar-mixed heterojunction architecture
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2058-7546. ; 7:11, s. 1076-1086
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At present, high-performance organic photovoltaics mostly adopt a bulk-heterojunction architecture, in which exciton dissociation is facilitated by charge-transfer states formed at numerous donor-acceptor (D-A) heterojunctions. However, the spin character of charge-transfer states originated from recombination of photocarriers allows relaxation to the lowest-energy triplet exciton (T-1) at these heterojunctions, causing photocurrent loss. Here we find that this loss pathway can be alleviated in sequentially processed planar-mixed heterojunction (PMHJ) devices, employing donor and acceptor with intrinsically weaker exciton binding strengths. The reduced D-A intermixing in PMHJ alleviates non-geminate recombination at D-A contacts, limiting the chance of relaxation, thus suppressing T-1 formation without sacrificing exciton dissociation efficiency. This resulted in devices with high power conversion efficiencies of >19%. We elucidate the working mechanisms for PMHJs and discuss the implications for material design, device engineering and photophysics, thus providing a comprehensive grounding for future organic photovoltaics to reach their full promise. Organic solar cells with a bulk-heterojunction architecture suffer from photocurrent loss driven by triplet states. Now, Jiang et al. show that sequentially deposited donor-acceptor planar-mixed heterojunctions suppress triplet formation, enabling efficiencies over 19%.
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| 6. |
- Li, Longxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to unconventional oil and gas development and all-cause mortality in Medicare beneficiaries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-7546. ; 7:2, s. 177-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about whether exposure to unconventional oil and gas development is associated with higher mortality risks in the elderly and whether related air pollutants are exposure pathways. We studied a cohort of 15,198,496 Medicare beneficiaries (136,215,059 person-years) in all major US unconventional exploration regions from 2001 to 2015. We gathered data from records of more than 2.5 million oil and gas wells. For each beneficiary’s ZIP code of residence and year in the cohort, we calculated a proximity-based and a downwind-based pollutant exposure. We analysed the data using two methods: a Cox proportional hazards model and a difference-in-differences design. We found evidence of a statistically significant higher mortality risk associated with living in proximity to and downwind of unconventional oil and gas wells. Our results suggest that primary air pollutants sourced from unconventional oil and gas exploration can be a major exposure pathway with adverse health effects in the elderly.
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