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Sökning: L773:2190 6823 OR L773:2190 6815 > (2020-2024)

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1.
  • Bilal, M., et al. (författare)
  • Bioprospecting lignin biomass into environmentally friendly polymers—Applied perspective to reconcile sustainable circular bioeconomy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823.
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The valorization of lignin into biopolymers and other high-value products development is the most promising technology for sustainable development. This technology has gain importance for the development of kind of different biopolymers such as epoxies, polyesters, polyurethanes, phenol resins, polyhydroxyalkanoates, poly(lactic acids), and other useful biopolymers. However, lignin recalcitrance remains a potential problem for efficient lignin valorization, and therefore, several efforts have been made to develop high-efficiency bioprocesses for the synthesis of target polymer types, and other useful bioproducts. A comprehensive insight into lignin structure and properties will aid to understand the catalytic and metabolic deconstructive pathways for the efficient valorization of lignin. Due to the presence of multifunctional properties of lignin for the development of kinds of different biobased polymers, the review aims to highlight the biosynthesis and structure, potentialities of lignin and lignin-derivatives on polymers development, and future trends with outlook in lignin valorization have been systematically summarized. 
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2.
  • Björnsson, Lovisa, et al. (författare)
  • Emerging technologies for the production of biojet fuels from wood—can greenhouse gas emission reductions meet policy requirements?
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; 14:6, s. 7603-7622
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The transition from fossil jet fuel to biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation. To enable such a fuel shift, the Swedish Government introduced a GHG emission reduction mandate of 27% by 2030 for aviation fuel sold in Sweden, forcing fuel suppliers to blend in biojet fuel in fossil jet fuel. A similar policy instrument is being discussed within the EU. Biojet fuels with life cycle GHG emissions 90% lower than those for fossil jet fuel are projected to be available by 2025, which by far exceeds the requirement of 65% lower emissions in the EU Renewable Energy Directive. The purpose of this study was to carry out life cycle assessments for a number of wood-fuel-based production chains near commercialization and to determine whether they meet the Swedish projection and the EU requirement. The study illustrates what can be achieved in a region with high availability of wood fuels and access to heat and power with low GHG emissions. The production chains studied include the production of hydrocarbon intermediates via (i) fast pyrolysis, (ii) hydrothermal liquefaction, (iii) thermal gasification followed by Fischer–Tropsch-synthesis, and (iv) cellulosic ethanol fermentation followed by upgrading of these four intermediates to biojet fuel and other liquid biofuels. The results show that all the production chains studied can deliver biojet fuels with 89–91% lower GHG emissions than fossil jet fuels. Non-fossil hydrogen is required to achieve low emissions in the upgrading of intermediates from fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction.
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3.
  • Caceres-Martinez, Louis Edwards, et al. (författare)
  • Significance of the particle physical properties and the Geldart group in the use of correlations for the prediction of minimum fluidization velocity of biomass–sand binary mixtures
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; 13:2, s. 935-951
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study explores the relevance of the physical properties of biomass particles on the determination of the minimum fluidization velocity (U-mf) of binary mixtures. Fluidization experiments were performed in a cold flow unit with diverse biomasses mixed with sand in different mass fractions. Gas velocity and pressure drop across the bed were used to determine U-mf. Different correlations reported in the literature were evaluated on their ability to accurately predict U-mf of the mixtures. Results showed satisfactory predictions when appropriately identifying correlations according to the corresponding Geldart groups for the biomass particles. This perspective opens new possibilities toward the generalization of correlation factors and helps in improving the accuracy of the prediction for highly heterogeneous mixtures. The methodology also allows the analysis of mixtures for which the experimental approach is difficult, such as those including char particle, with the only requirement of carefully measuring the physical properties of the particles.
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4.
  • Caputo, Fabio, 1996, et al. (författare)
  • Understanding the impact of steam pretreatment severity on cellulose ultrastructure, recalcitrance, and hydrolyzability of Norway spruce
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; In Press
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The efficient use of softwood in biorefineries requires harsh pretreatment conditions to overcome biomass recalcitrance. Following harsh pretreatments, the hemicellulose is solubilized. Here, we studied the material characteristics of Norway spruce following steam pretreatment at six different severities, relating chemical and structural information to the enzymatic hydrolyzability. Steam pretreatment conditions were defined by two different temperatures (180 °C and 210 °C), with and without the addition of various acids (CH3COOH, H3PO4, H2SO4, SO2). Structural knowledge of the streams is a cornerstone for developing an efficient saccharification process. This study combines advanced structural characterizations to gain fundamental understanding of the influence of severity of pretreatment on spruce. Structural knowledge is a cornerstone in developing an effective saccharification process by modulating pretreatment conditions and enzymes employed. Overall structural properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of stream pretreatment severity on lignin and lignin-carbohydrate bonds was investigated by two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance. Finally, cellulose ultrastructure was studied by applying small/wide-angle X-ray scattering. The structural characteristics of the six pretreated softwood substrates were related to the enzymatic hydrolyzability. With increasing pretreatment severity, surface defibrillation, and lignin depolymeryzation were observed. Further, lignin-carbohydrate complexes signals were detected. Cellulose analysis revealed the rearrangement of microfibrils leading to the formation of larger microfibril aggregates. This microfibril rearrangement likely contributed to the observed increase in enzymatic hydrolysis yields as better enzyme accessibility resulted.
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5.
  • Chen, Feng, et al. (författare)
  • Enabling efficient bioconversion of birch biomass by Lentinula edodes : regulatory roles of nitrogen and bark additions on mushroom production and cellulose saccharification
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; 12:4, s. 1217-1227
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pretreatment with edible white-rot fungi has advantages in low inputs of energy and chemicals for reducing the recalcitrance of woody biomass for bioethanol production while harvesting protein-rich food. The effectiveness of fungal pretreatment may vary with substrate composition. In this study, birch with or without bark and nitrogen additives were experimentally studied for their effects on shiitake production, substrate lignocellulosic degradation and enzymatic convertibility with cellulolytic enzymes. Whey was added as protein nitrogen and led to successful outcomes, while non-protein nitrogen urea and ammonium-nitrate resulted in mortality of fungal mycelia. The mushroom yields of one harvest were generally comparable between the treatments, averaging 651 g fresh weight per kilogram dry substrate, and high enough as to be profitable. Nitrogen loading (0.5-0.8%, dry mass) negatively affected lignin degradation and enzymatic convertibility and prolonged cultivation/pretreatment time. The added bark (0-20%) showed quadratic correlation with degradation of lignin, xylan and glucan as well as enzymatic digestibility of glucan. Nitrogen loading of < 0.6% led to maximal mass degradation of xylan and lignin at bark ratios of 4-9% and 14-19%, respectively, peak saccharification of glucan at 6-12% and the shortest pretreatment time at 8-13% bark. The designed substrates resulted in 19-35% of glucan mass loss after fungal pretreatment, less than half of the previously reported values. Nitrogen and bark additions can regulate lignocellulose degradation and saccharification of birch-based substrates. The designed substrate composition could considerably reduce cellulose consumption during fungal pretreatment, thus improving bioconversion efficiency.
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6.
  • Cousins, Dylan S., et al. (författare)
  • Predictive models enhance feedstock quality of corn stover via air classification
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer Nature. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; 14:13, s. 13833-13845
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Feedstock heterogeneity is a fundamental obstacle to cost-competitive biobased products. Agricultural products like corn stover have anatomical components that vary in their chemical composition, mechanical properties, structure, and response to chemical and biological treatments. A technique that can enrich streams in select anatomical fractions would allow a tailored deconstruction approach to increase overall process efficiency. Air classification can be leveraged for such refining; however, fundamental characterization and understanding of the particle properties that underly the physics of air classification are only modestly documented. Here, we determine fundamental particle properties including mass-to-area ratio, drag coefficient, and partition velocity that describe how anatomical tissues of corn stover behave during air classification. Mass-to-area ratios of anatomical tissues vary by nearly two orders of magnitude from 2.3 mg/mm2 for cob to 0.04 mg/mm2 for leaf. Drag coefficients of longer, fibrous materials (i.e., rind, husk, and sheath) are shown to correlate with particle area (p-value < 0.001) whereas granular tissues (i.e., cob, pith, and leaf) correlate better with mass-to-area ratio (p-values < 0.001). When compared to experimental observations, a simulated two-stage air classification and size reduction scenario predicts the overall partitioning of anatomical tissues within 15% for pith, husk, rind, and cob tissues. The model predicts an air-classified fraction preferentially enriched in cob (purity = 20%), rind (purity = 74%), and pith (purity = 4.5%) with a mass yield of 47%. Empirical relations for these properties can be used to predict the partitioning of corn stover during air classification based on anatomical type and size.
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7.
  • Das, Atanu Kumar (författare)
  • Reducing sugars and bioethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunch by applying a batch and continuous pretreatment process with low temperature and pressure
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; 14, s. 11155–11164-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Exploring sustainable energy and chemical sources based on biomass has increased global interest. This study was focused on produce second-generation bioethanol using a new pretreatment process. The effectiveness of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment on oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) for lignin removal, reducing sugar, and bioethanol production at low temperature and pressure was investigated using batch and continuous processes. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the NaOH concentration and solid to liquor ratio (SL) at a maximum temperature of 100 degrees C and atmospheric pressure. The mathematical formula derived from RSM was based on 11 runs of the batch treatment. In the batch treatment process, 2 M NaOH, the temperature of 80 degrees C, and SL ratio of 8 have resulted in lignin removal of 38.7%, reducing sugars of 8.3%, and bioethanol concentration of 4.1%. The validation of formula has been calculated from calculation and experiment values. Moreover, at the same retention time, continuous pretreatment showed a reducing sugar content of 5.9% and a bioethanol concentration by 2.5%. The results show that the continuous process can be employed in effective bioethanol production from OPEFB.
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8.
  • Díaz, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Oligosaccharides production by enzymatic hydrolysis of banana pseudostem pulp
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; 13:12, s. 10677-10688
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Banana production generates significant amounts of agricultural wastes, being fiber extraction one of the most relevant alternatives for their valorization. This process produces banana’s pseudostem pulp (BPP) as a byproduct, which shows an interesting composition for the biorefinery’s biochemical platform, with high polysaccharides (68%) and low lignin contents. This work deals with the enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) of raw and hydrothermally pre-treated BPP, focusing on the production of oligosaccharides (OS). Raw BPP hydrolysis with cellulase at different dosages rendered only 3.2% OS yields (OSY). Pectinase addition has not affected EH performance. On the other hand, EH of hydrothermally pre-treated BPP at 150 °C and 170 °C (P150 and P170) allowed to increase OSY up to 28% (P150, 1 FPU of cellulase/g dry biomass, 12 h), being 72% of the solubilized sugars in the form of cello-oligosaccharides. This last condition was subjected to a multi-stage EH strategy without improvements in OSY. An endo-glucanase was also tested, but obtained OSY were lower than cellulase results. Finally, obtained OS demonstrated to stimulate the growth of two Lactobacilli strains. The results show that BPP pre-treated under mild operational conditions is a good candidate for cello-oligosaccharides production by EH using 1 FPU/g DB of cellulase with a simple strategy.
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9.
  • dos Reis, Glaydson Simões, et al. (författare)
  • Application of design of experiments (DoE) for optimised production of micro- and mesoporous Norway spruce bark activated carbons
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; 13:11, s. 10113-10131
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, Norway spruce (Picea abies (Karst) L.) bark was employed as a precursor to prepare activated carbon using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical activator. The purpose of this study was to determine optimal activated carbon (AC) preparation variables by the response surface methodology using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) to obtain AC with high specific surface area (SBET), mesopore surface area (SMESO), and micropore surface area (SMICR). Variables and levels used in the design were pyrolysis temperature (700, 800, and 900 °C), holding time (1, 2, and 3 h), and bark/ZnCl2 impregnation ratio (1, 1.5, and 2). The optimal conditions for achieving the highest SBET were as follows: a pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C, a holding time of 1 h, and a spruce bark/ZnCl2 ratio of 1.5, which yielded an SBET value of 1374 m2 g−1. For maximised mesopore area, the optimal condition was at a pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C, a holding time of 2 h, and a bark/ZnCl2 ratio of 2, which yielded a SMESO area of 1311 m2 g−1, where mesopores (SMESO%) comprised 97.4% of total SBET. Correspondingly, for micropore formation, the highest micropore area was found at a pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, a holding time of 3 h, and a bark/ZnCl2 ratio of 2, corresponding to 1117 m2 g−1, with 94.3% of the total SBET consisting of micropores (SMICRO%). The bark/ZnCl2 ratio and pyrolysis temperature had the strongest impact on the SBET, while the interaction between temperature and bark/ZnCl2 ratio was the most significant factor for SMESO. For the SMICRO, holding time was the most important factor. In general, the spruce bark AC showed predominantly mesoporous structures. All activated carbons had high carbon and low ash contents. Chemical characterisation indicated that the ACs presented disordered carbon structures with oxygen functional groups on the ACs’ surfaces. Well-developed porosity and a large surface area combined with favourable chemical composition render the activated carbons from Norway spruce bark with interesting physicochemical properties. The ACs were successfully tested to adsorb sodium diclofenac from aqueous solutions showing to be attractive products to use as adsorbents to tackle polluted waters. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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10.
  • Ghoreishi, Solmaz, et al. (författare)
  • Identification and quantification of valuable platform chemicals in aqueous product streams from a preliminary study of a large pilot-scale steam explosion of woody biomass using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; 14, s. 3331-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Steam explosion breaks down the polymeric matrix and enables the recovery of valuable compounds from lignocellulosic feedstock. In the steam explosion process, biomass is treated with high-pressure steam which subsequently generates large quantities of a condensed aqueous liquid (process effluent) and a filtered aqueous liquid (filtrate) that contain furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-methylfurfural, methanol, and acetic acid as major constituents. This study addresses the identification and quantification of value-added chemicals in the aqueous product streams using quantitative analytical nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with water suppression. This work reports a screening study for two different types of sawdust (Norway spruce and birch) at two different scales (4 L and 10 L reactors) using different reaction temperatures (190–223 °C) and corresponding pressures (13–24 bar), with and without the addition of SO2 gas. The duration of all experiments was 8 min. The process effluents contained acetic acid, methanol, formic acid, 5-methylfurfural, and furfural. Acetic acid (0.5 g/kg dry input biomass) and furfural (1.0 g/kg dry input biomass) were more abundant than methanol, formic acid, and 5-methylfurfural for both feedstocks. The addition of SO2 increased the furfural yields, indicating more efficient hydrolysis of hemicelluloses under acidic conditions. Filtrate samples also contained 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, with the highest concentrations (5.7–6.0 g/kg dry input biomass) in the filtrates from spruce. The different feedstocks and steam explosion temperatures strongly influenced the overall yields of the target compounds, in some cases tripling the concentrations. The results can be used to improve the profit margins in a pellets and chemicals biorefinery, as demonstrated in the ArbaOne pellets plant. © 2022, The Author(s).
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