| 1. |
- Almeida Costa, Nicole, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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A case study of user adherence and software project performance barriers from a sociotechnical viewpoint
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 787, s. 12-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A marine propeller company and a technical university collaborated to optimize the company’s existing propeller design software. This paper reviews the project based on a sociotechnical perspective to organizational change on (a) how the university-company project and user involvement were organized, and (b) what the main management barriers were and why they may have occurred. Fieldwork included interviews and observations with university and company stakeholders over thirteen months. The data was analyzed and sorted into themes describing the barriers, such as lack of a planned strategy for deliverables or resource use in the project; the users exhibited low adherence towards the optimized software, as well as there was limited time and training allocated for them to test it. Lessons learned suggest clarifying stakeholder roles and contributions, and engaging the users earlier and beyond testing the software for malfunctions to enhance knowledge mobilization, involve them in the change and increase acceptance.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Sofie, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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All Doors Lead to the Kitchen – Sustainability and Wellbeing Challenges in a Shared Centrepiece of Living
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 876, s. 111-116
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The kitchen figures a central place in the home where a significant share of a household’s resource consumption takes place. Sharing the kitchen between multiple households has potential to bring positive sustainability effects due to more efficient use of both material resources and energy. The concept of shared kitchens has, however, thus far had a limited diffusion. This paper explores the potential of shared kitchens as a future sustainable living environment by studying user experiences from a Living Lab setting. It builds the base for an overarching larger European collaboration on how future shared kitchens should be designed in order to support everyday practices while optimising the conditions for achieving positive impact on both sustainability and wellbeing. Findings are presented from five focus areas concerning different use contexts: (1) accessing, (2) cooking, (3) living and socialising, (4) storing, and (5) cleaning.
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| 3. |
- Aremyr, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Anthropomorphism: an investigation of its effect on trust in human-machine interfaces for highly automated vehicles
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 823, s. 343-352
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trust has been identified as a major factor in relation to user acceptance of Highly Automated Vehicles (HAV). A positive correlation has been suggested between increased trust and the use of anthropomorphic features in interfaces. However, more research is necessary to establish whether this is true in an HAV context. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate how trust in HAVs is influenced by HMI design with different degrees of anthropomorphism: baseline, caricature, and human. Ten subjects participated in an in-vehicle trial to test the designs. The results showed no significant difference in levels of trust between conditions. Instead, it was found that anthropomorphism may affect user acceptance indirectly through its effect on perceived ease of use and usefulness. The findings imply that designers must be cautious when using anthropomorphism and consider adaptability and customisability to incorporate new and diverse user needs associated with the use of HAV.
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| 4. |
- Berglund, M., et al.
(författare)
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On Human Terms – A First Evaluation of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) in Ergonomics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. - 9783319960791 ; 821, s. 530-538
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) ‘Work and Technology on Human Terms’ (www.onhumanterms.org ) was launched in July 2017 with the aim to contribute to safer and healthier workplaces by increasing the knowledge about how products, systems, and work organizations can be designed on human terms. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a first evaluation of the MOOC. The online course was used in four different university courses in Ergonomics in Sweden, two given at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg and two given at Linköping University. The MOOC material was used in different ways in the courses: (1) suggested voluntary, alternative material for the students’ self-studies, (2) scheduled activity for self-studies with appointed chapters, and (3) mandatory, selected course material being discussed in follow-up seminars. Data for the evaluation was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with students and teachers. The results showed that the MOOC served as a repetition of lectured material and gave increased understanding of the theories. The recorded interviews with practitioners and researchers in the MOOC highlighted the importance of the subject in real working life. The knowledge tests were appreciated as rehearsal of understanding. However, the MOOC in parallel with the other course material was also considered to be too much work by some students. A recommendation is to carefully consider how to use and integrate the MOOC as a meaningful, individual, theoretical learning activity for the students. Thereby the lectures in classroom could focus more on discussions and problem-solving regarding the topics and less on basic theory.
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| 5. |
- Fan, Xuelong, et al.
(författare)
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Ergonomic Evaluation of a Prototype Console for Robotic Surgeries via Simulations with Digital Human Manikins
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018) Volume V: Human Simulation and Virtual Environments, Work With Computing Systems (WWCS), Process Control. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. - 9783319960760 ; 822, s. 351-363
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work-related musculoskeletal disorders impact surgical performance, which increase risks for patient safety. A new console has been designed to reduce workload for robotic surgery surgeons. Due to high costs and long waiting time of the production process, a pre-production ergonomic evaluation of the new design is preferable. In this paper, we evaluate if the new console at the pre-production stage by using an US checklist, and the Swedish standard for visual display unit work. A 3D model of the new designed console was introduced to the virtual environment of a digital manikin (Intelligently Moving Manikin, IMMA). The work-ranges of the console were calculated. Various individual work distances of 12 manikins (3 men and 3 women per each of the US and the Swedish population) were “measured”. The data were integrated and used as an objective reference to compare with the Swedish standard, and the US checklist. The result shows that the criteria in the Swedish standard and the US checklist are fulfilled, except for those are related to the adjustable range of the screen view height, the height range of the armrest and the adjustable distance of the pedals. The new console fulfills most of the criteria in the checklist and the standard, but there is room for a few improvements. The DHM tool IMMA provides the possibility for a pre-production assessment. However, the limited virtual measurement tools of IMMA restrained the time efficiency of the ergonomic assessment.
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| 6. |
- Johannesson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Basic language learning in artificial animals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. - 9783319993157 ; 848, s. 155-161
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore a general architecture for artificial animals, or animats, that develops over time. The architecture combines reinforcement learning, dynamic concept formation, and homeostatic decision-making aimed at need satisfaction. We show that this architecture, which contains no ad hoc features for language processing, is capable of basic language learning of three kinds: (i) learning to reproduce phonemes that are perceived in the environment via motor babbling; (ii) learning to reproduce sequences of phonemes corresponding to spoken words perceived in the environment; and (iii) learning to ground the semantics of spoken words in sensory experience by associating spoken words (e.g. the word “cold”) to sensory experience (e.g. the activity of a sensor for cold temperature) and vice versa.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, MariAnne, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Multi-Modal Interaction – A Basic Operations Approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. - 9783319960586 ; 827, s. 43-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A basic operations approach to designing multimodal user interfaces has been explored in two experimental studies. By basic operations is here meant the most fundamental operations that make up a(ny) interaction task. Study A investigated if certain basic operations have a preferred modal counterpart and execution and Study B what happens when several basic operations are combined into tasks. The results suggest interdependencies between basic operations and specific modalities but also indicate that users may prefer unimodal interaction or to choose modality as desired. Hence, further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of a basic operations approach to multimodal interaction design.
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| 8. |
- Lind, Carl Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of Work: Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Using Smart Workwear – The Smart Workwear Consortium
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human Systems Engineering and Design. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030020521 - 9783030020538 ; 876, s. 477-483
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adverse work-related physical exposures such as repetitive movements and awkward postures have negative health effects and lead to large financial costs. To address these problems, a multi-disciplinary consortium was formed with the aim of developing an ambulatory system for recording and analyzing risks for musculoskeletal disorders utilizing textile integrated sensors as part of the regular workwear. This paper presents the consortium, the Smart Workwear System, and a case study illustrating its potential to decrease adverse biomechanical exposure by promoting improved work technique.
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| 9. |
- Man, Yemao, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Facing the New Technology Landscape in the Maritime Domain: Knowledge Mobilisation, Networks and Management in Human-Machine Collaboration
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 786, s. 231-242
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid development in artificial intelligence and big data analytic applications have had a significant impact on knowledge mobilisation across industries including the shipping domain. This paper uses the practice of energy efficiency onboard ships as a case study to discuss how knowledge mobilisation should address this context change and uncovers how existing knowledge networks in the shipping industry would evolve in this emerging data-driven ecology. From a systems perspective, it suggests hallmarks associated with the knowledge mobilisation processes in the new technology landscape. This paper shapes a discussion to derive design and management implications of the system infrastructure contributing to a safe, efficient and sustainable shipping business model and provide insights on knowledge adaption in the emerging human-machine collaboration context.
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| 10. |
- Nikbakht Bideh, Pegah, et al.
(författare)
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Software-Defined Networking for Emergency Traffic Management in Smart Cities
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd International Workshop on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks for Smart Cities, IWVSC 2019 (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks for Smart Cities). - Singapore : Springer. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. - 9789811537493 - 9789811537509 ; , s. 59-70
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vehicle traffic management is becoming more complex due to increased traffic density in cities. Novel solutions are necessary for emergency vehicles, which despite growing congestion must be able to quickly reach their destination. Emergency vehicles are usually equipped with transmitters to control the traffic lights on their path and warn other vehicles with sirens. Transmitters are operated manually and, like sirens, have a limited range. Smart cities can make use of novel network models to facilitate traffic management. In this paper, we design a traffic management application leveraging software-defined network controllers for traffic preemption. The proposed application leverages the logical centralization of the SDN control plane to improve traffic management. Results from evaluating the application under five different scenarios indicate that emergency vehicles can reach their destination much faster, with very little effect on the surrounding traffic.
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