| 1. |
- Hadimeri, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Dimensions of Arteriovenous Fistulas in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
- 2000
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Ingår i: Nephron. Clinical practice. - Basel : S. Karger. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 85:1, s. 50-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: Aneurysms are known manifestations of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We investigated whether the dimensions of arteriovenous fistulas created for performance of haemodialysis were affected by the original disease.Methods: The lumen diameter of the fistula was studied by ultrasound in 19 patients with ADPKD and in 19 control patients. The patients’ sex, age, the duration of their fistulas, haemoglobin values and blood pressure levels were similar in both groups. The monitoring was performed along the forearm part of the vein, and the maximal diameter was measured. The diameters at the two needle insertion sites were also measured.Results: The ADPKD patients had a significantly higher fistula diameter than the control patients: 12 (range 8–19) mm versus 8 (range 6–24) mm at the widest level (p = 0.003). There were no significant differences in the diameters at the needle insertion sites.Conclusion: The receiving veins of arteriovenous fistulas in patients with ADPKD have an abnormality that causes a greater than normal dilatation in response to the arterialization. We postulate that this phenomenon is linked with the increased prevalence of aneurysms in ADPKD.
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| 2. |
- Heiwe, S, et al.
(författare)
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Twelve weeks of exercise training increases muscle function and walking capacity in elderly predialysis patients and healthy subjects
- 2001
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Ingår i: Nephron. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 88:1, s. 48-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muscle function declines with age and progressive uraemia. We examined whether elderly predialysis patients could improve thigh muscle function, walking capacity, and functional mobility to the same extent as elderly healthy subjects when participating in 12 weeks of individual muscle endurance exercises for the thigh as well as in a low-intensive group programme. The uraemic exercise and comparison groups comprised 16 patients (age 76 ± 7 years, glomerular filtration rate 18 ± 5 ml/min) and 9 patients (age 72 ± 6 years, glomerular filtration rate 16 ± 5 ml/min), respectively. The healthy exercise and comparison groups comprised 18 subjects (age 75 ± 7 years) and 5 subjects (age 79 ± 4 years), respectively. Muscular strength, dynamic endurance, walking capacity, and functional mobility increased significantly in both the uraemic and the healthy exercise groups after 12 weeks of regular muscle endurance exercise training, whereas there was no significant change in static muscle endurance and quality of life in either group. None of the values changed for the uraemic comparison group nor the healthy comparison group during the observation period. Elderly predialysis patients had lower muscle function and mobility as compared with elderly healthy subjects, but were able to improve both after 12 weeks of exercise training to the same extent as elderly healthy subjects.
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| 3. |
- Moshfegh, A, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of hemodialysis membrane and permeability on neutrophil transmigration in vitro
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nephron. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 91:4, s. 659-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background/Aim:</i> The impact of dialysis membrane permeability on neutrophil transmigration properties in vitro was examined in the present study. This issue has not been fully scrutinized before. <i>Methods:</i> We studied the capacity of neutrophils collected from a group of dialysis patients randomly treated with cuprophan, low- or high-flux polysulfone, to transmigrate in vitro through a membrane covered with fibronectin (a main constituent of the endothelial basement membrane). The hemodialysis-induced quantitative changes in expression of adhesion molecules were examined in parallel. <i>Results:</i> At the end of dialysis, neutrophils collected from patients treated with high-flux polysulfone dialyzers had a significantly higher transmigration index than neutrophils from patients treated with low-flux polysulfone membrane (p < 0.01) or cuprophan membrane (p < 0.01), and approached the level of transmigration observed in neutrophils collected from healthy controls. In the groups treated with low-flux polysulfone and cuprophan dialyzers, the transmigration capacity was significantly lower (p < 0.02) compared to neutrophils from healthy subjects. We also noted that differences between low- and high-flux polysulfone dialysis, in the context of transmigration properties, were not mirrored by changes in adhesion phenotype, which strengthens the view that there is no strict relationship between these two features. <i>Conclusion:</i> The study demonstrates that high-flux polysulfone dialysis, as opposed to low-flux polysulfone and cuprophan treatment, improves the transmigration properties of circulating neutrophils, despite similar effects on adhesion molecule phenotypes. A plausible mechanism is that potentially toxic middle range molecules that inhibit neutrophil migration are more efficiently eliminated during high-flux polysulfone dialysis, but this explanation requires further support.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- van Westen, Danielle, et al.
(författare)
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Biliary and total extrarenal clearance of inulin and iohexol in pigs. A source of error when determining gfr as body clearance.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nephron. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-2766 .- 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 91:2, s. 300-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biliary clearance, total extrarenal clearance, body and renal clearance of inulin and iohexol were determined in 11 normal and 11 nephrectomized pigs. The biliary clearance of inulin, calculated as biliary excretion divided by the plasma concentration, was 0.04 and 0.01 ml min<sup>–1</sup> 10 kg<sup>–1</sup> and of iohexol 0.21 and 0.1 ml min<sup>–1</sup> 10 kg<sup>–1</sup> , in normal, respectively, nephrectomized pigs (p < 0.05). The extrarenal clearance of inulin, calculated as body minus renal clearance, was 2.7 and 0.7 ml min<sup>–1</sup> 10 kg<sup>–1</sup> and of iohexol 3.7 and 0.7 ml min<sup>–1</sup> 10 kg<sup>–1</sup> in normal, respectively, nephrectomized pigs (p < 0.05). Some hours after injection of the markers their plasma concentrations were much higher in the nephrectomized pigs. This higher plasma concentration was not matched by an equally higher biliary excretion and therefore biliary clearance decreased. The smaller total extrarenal clearance in nephrectomized pigs, i.e. the overestimation of GFR when calculated as body clearance, indicates that this source of error decreases with decreasing renal function.
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