| 1. |
- Almusaed, Amjad, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical interpretation of energy efficiency concepts in the housing design process from hot climate
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 21, s. 254-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The classical understanding of an architectural product shows architecture as a series of complex activities, which aims to create an optimal material framework with well-organized functional spaces that can meet the material and human spiritual requirements. The vision of a multifaceted architecture shows that it is necessary to design and work cooperatively with an architectural theory to transform the lateral conceptual viewer of the multilateral design process. The effort has to focus on ensuring the active collaboration of sciences and techniques with the creative building design process. The real stages of house design theory still insufficiently incorporate natural phenomena such as thermography, climatology, aerodynamics, and thermodynamics in the building design approach. The primary target of this research is to define an efficient method of building design in which essential aspects are considered during the first phase of design ideas. The study concluded that using a classical design model is respectable. However, it can bring many mistakes in the confirmation of a holistic design assignment related to energy, thermal comfort, and economic factors that represents an essential tool for architectural creation products where the innovative model proceeds with all design elements, activities and space roles which can reunify in the interpretation of functional spaces by creating an interspace with a consistency habitat environment.
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| 2. |
- Bedon, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Structural characterisation of adaptive facades in Europe – Part I : Insight on classification rules, performance metrics and design methods
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptive facades are increasingly used in modern buildings, where they can take the form of complex systems and manifest their adaptivity in several ways. Adaptive envelopes must meet the requirements defined by structural considerations, which include structural safety, serviceability, durability, robustness and fire safety. For these novel skins, based on innovative design solutions, experimentation at the component and / or assembly level is required to prove that these requirements are fulfilled. The definition of appropriate metrics is hence also recommended. A more complex combination of material-related, kinematic, geometrical and mechanical aspects should in fact be properly taken into account, compared to traditional, static facades. Accordingly, specific experimental methods and regulations are required for these novel skins. As an outcome of the European COST Action TU1403 ‘Adaptive facades network’ - ‘Structural’ Task Group, this paper collects some recent examples and design concepts of adaptive systems, specifically including a new classification proposal and the definition of some possible metrics for their structural performance assessment. The aim is to provide a robust background and detailed state-of-the-art information for these novel structural systems, towards the development of standardised and reliable procedures for their mechanical and thermo-physical characterisation.
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| 3. |
- Bedon, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Structural characterisation of adaptive facades in Europe - Part II : Validity of conventional experimental testing methods and key issues
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2352-7102. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given their intrinsic features, adaptive facades are required to satisfy rigid structural performances, in addition to typical insulation, thermal and energy requirements. These include a minimum of safety and serviceability levels under ordinary design loads, durability, robustness, fire resistance, capacity to sustain severe seismic events or other natural hazards, etc. The overall design process of adaptive facades may include further challenges and uncertainties especially in the case of complex assemblies, where multiple combinations of material-related phenomena, kinematic effects, geometrical and mechanical characteristics could take place. In this context, experimental testing at the component and/or at the full-scale assembly level has a fundamental role, to prove that all the expected performance parameters are properly fulfilled. Several standards and guideline documents are available in the literature, and provide recommendations and procedures in support of conventional testing approaches for the certification and performance assessment of facades. These documents, however, are specifically focused on ordinary, static envelopes, and no provisions are given for the experimental testing of dynamic, adaptive skins. In this regard, it is hence expected that a minimum of conventional experimental procedures may be directly extended from static to dynamic facades. However, the validity of standardized procedures for adaptive skins is still an open issue. Novel and specific experimental approaches are then necessarily required, to assess the structural characteristics of adaptive facades, depending on their properties and on the design detailing. In this paper, existing fundamental standards for testing traditional facades are first recalled and commented. Special care is spent for the validity and reliability of conventional testing methods for innovative, adaptive envelopes, including a discussion on selected experimental methods for facade components and systems. Non-conventional testing procedures which may be useful for adaptive skins are then also discussed in the paper, as resulting from the research efforts of the European COST Action TU1403 ‘Adaptive facades network’ - ‘Structural’ Task Group.
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| 4. |
- Cehlin, Mathias, Doktor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing thermal comfort and air quality performance of two active chilled beam systems in an open-plan office
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 22, s. 56-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The traditional air distribution and supply devices in ventilated rooms are not always able to effectively remove excess heat from the space. Therefore, chilled beams, especially the active systems, are used to achieve the desired cooling demand. The focus of this paper was the potential benefit of a newly designed active chilled beam (ACB) system, to improve heat removal effectiveness local thermal condition and indoor air quality in the occupants’ breathing zone. The system based on 1-way flow design (1W-ACB) was installed in an open-plan office and its performance was studied by analysing the temperatures, velocities and tracer gas concentrations in predetermined risky zones. The system was compared against a traditional 4-way flow design (4W-ACB).The obtained results showed that heat removal effectiveness was slightly higher for the 1W-ACB system compared to the 4W-ACB system. The local thermal condition was very good close to the workstations when using 1W-ACB. The benefits of the new system were also shown in the occupied zone by analysing the mean age of air and air-change effectiveness (ACE) in the breathing level at the workstation locations. The 1W-ACB system provided air with lower mean age (fresher air), and therefore higher ACE, near the breathing zone at the workstations compared to the 4W-ACB. On the other hand, the 4W-ACB system had the advantage of providing high thermal and mean age of air uniformity throughout the room.
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| 5. |
- Farsäter, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Building status obtained before renovating multifamily buildings in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to analyse how energy use, building physics properties and indoor environment data have been obtained in the initial evaluation phases of multifamily building renovations in Sweden. Between 1964 and 1975, approximately one million homes were built in Sweden. These buildings are now in need of renovation. To perform proper status assessment of a building before a renovation is important both to make decisions on renovation measures on correct information as well as to be able to perform follow-ups of renovation projects. The analyses in this study was performed with questionnaires in eight case studies. Studied data included energy use, building physics properties and indoor environmental factors. The study shows that information about a building's status, and the subsequent renovation process, is often linked to one or just a few people involved in the project without any systematic documentation. When they leave their employment, due to changing jobs or retirement, documentation about the condition of the building, material choices and decision processes is often lost.
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| 6. |
- Hassan, Osama, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-laminated timber flooring and concrete slab flooring : A comparativestudy of structural design, economic and environmental consequences
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 26, s. 1-16
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares cross-laminated timber (CLT) flooring and concrete slab flooring with respect to structural design, cost analysis, and greenhouse gas emissions. The effect of floor span on design values, costs, and carbondioxide emissions is analysed in terms of structural design, economy, and environmental impact. Different crosssections are chosen for this purpose. The study shows that CLT flooring has significantly lower emissions ofclimate-impact greenhouse gases, and its ability to store carbon is significantly greater than the capacity of concrete storage. From an economic point of view, the CLT material is more expensive than concrete. However, the estimated “ready-to-assemble” cost of both floor types is quite similar. The study shows that CLT flooring can compete with a concrete slab floor when it comes to a span as wide as 7m without violating the structural requirements. However, with an increase in span, it is more difficult to meet the requirements for vibration for aCLT floor than for a concrete slab. At shorter spans, the moment capacity is often a decisive factor for concrete slabs while deformation is the decisive factor for a CLT floor. For larger spans, resonance frequency and deformation are crucial for the CLT floor, while the long-term deformation of the concrete is the decisive factor in structural design.
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| 7. |
- Månsson, Tommie, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of door openings of refrigerated display cabinets in an operational supermarket
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 26:Nov.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a suite of data sets describing door openings of refrigerated display cabinets collected from an operational supermarket. Our goal is to provide a realistic and well-documented suite that will serve as a basis for consistent evaluation and study. Many applications ranging from modelling and optimising supermarket refrigeration systems to food safety and customer modelling depend on such data sets. We describe the data sets in the suite in detail along with the methodology used to collect them from an operational supermarket in Germany. We quantitatively analyse and characterise a total of openings reported in the data sets. The properties that we study are opening speed, frequency, time, duration and opening angle with respect to a given weekday, time and type of refrigerator. We expect the current suite of data sets to attract interest and to become the core of a more extensive collection of data sets with time.
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| 8. |
- Ploskic, Adnan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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A holistic performance evaluation of ventilation radiators – An assessment according to EN 442-2 using numerical simulations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - I : Elsevier. - 2352-7102. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research explored the importance of airflow rate and convector plate design on the operational performance of heating radiators equipped with an air device (ventilation radiators). The radiator was analyzed according to European Norm EN 442-2 using numerical simulations. The largest benefit of using staggered convector plates was the more efficient preheating of the incoming outdoor air supply. With this plate design, the evaluated radiator increased the temperature of the incoming airflow of 10 l/s from -5 °C to 26 °C with water supply/return temperatures of 45 °C/35 °C. With these water temperatures, the radiator was able to cover a room heat loss of 34 W/m2 floor area. However, the design of the convector plate alone was found to have a limited impact on the heat output from the radiator. Neither did the plate design significantly affect the uniformity of heat distribution nor the vertical temperature stratification inside the room. The results also showed that ventilation radiators might cover a building heating load (kW) with a lower supply water temperature but not necessarily give a lower annual energy use (kWh) for the space heating of a building.
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| 9. |
- Simanic, Branko, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor air temperatures, CO2 concentrations and ventilation rates : Long-term measurements in newly built low-energy schools in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within a period of ten years a large number of schools need to be built in Sweden and these new schools need to be nearly zero energy buildings. School classrooms are required to provide healthy learning environments to help children perceive and process information. This means that classrooms must provide adequate levels of indoor air quality and thermal comfort. This article investigates CO2 concentration levels and indoor air temperatures in several recently built, low-energy schools in Sweden, and compares them with design criteria stipulated in specific international standards and Swedish regulations to provide feedback to the building construction industry. Field measurements of CO2 concentrations, indoor air temperatures and ventilation rates in seven low-energy schools, with a total of 145 classrooms, taken during several months spanning both summer and winter periods, are analysed in this article. All the schools in the study have mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation systems with demand control devices in the classrooms. The study shows that all the classrooms, in general, comply with the design criteria regarding indoor air temperatures and CO2 concentrations in EN15251, ASHRAE 62.1 and the Swedish national regulations and recommendations. Median values of indoor air temperatures were between 19 and 23.5 °C in all classrooms during school hours. The 90-percentile levels of CO2 concentrations were below 1000 ppm in 60 of 61 classrooms in which these measurements could take place. It is concluded that during this long-term measurements in the studied seven low-energy schools, modern HVAC systems with demand control and heat recovery, in general, provided satisfactory indoor climates in terms of CO2 levels and indoor air temperatures.
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