| 1. |
- Abu-Khader, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Radon in the groundwater in the Amman-Zarqa Basin and related environments in Jordan
- 2018
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 7, s. 73-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occurrence of radon (222Rn) in environment (groundwater and indoor air) from geogenic sources is receiving an growing attention due to its adverse impact on human health worldwide including Jordan. Highlighting the current status of radon in Jordan, the present study of radon concentrations in ground waters in the Amman-Zarqa basin (AZB) was investigated. Groundwater samples were collected from fifteen wells located in three main areas of Ras Al-Ain, Al-Rsaifeh and Al-Hashemite. Radon concentration was measure using Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) Tri- Carb 3110 with discriminator and the highest values for radon concentration in water were observed in Al-Rsaifeh area and ranged from 4.52 up to 30.70 Bq/l with an average of 11.22 Bq/l, which were attributed to the decay of naturally distributed uranium in phosphate rock from Al-Rsaifeh mines. In Ras Al-Ain area, the radon concentration were noted ranged from 0.6 to 5.55 Bq/l with an average of 2.82 Bq/l, and also in Al-Hashemite area were ranged from 0.77 to 5.37 Bq/l with an average of 4.04 Bq/l. The overall average concentration of tested samples was 5.77 Bq/l and found within the acceptable international levels. Ground water samples of Ras Al-Ain area showed good quality as was tested of low salinity. It recorded the lowest average radon concentration of 2.82 Bq/l. Also, Radon indoor and building materials was reviewed. In conclusion, this study presented an urged need for developing national regulations and standards as well as awareness program concerning the radon status in Jordan.Elsevier B.V.
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| 2. |
- Ali, S., et al.
(författare)
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Elevated fluoride in groundwater of Siwani Block, Western Haryana, India : A potential concern for sustainable water supplies for drinking and irrigation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 7, s. 410-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groundwater pollution is a serious health concern in north-western India. In this study, we have reported very high concentration of fluoride i.e. 18.5 and 16.6 mg/l from Sainiwas locality in Siwani block of Bhiwani district, Haryana, India. The values are much higher than the permissible limit set by WHO and BIS. The evapotranspiration in the area leads to Ca2+ precipitation, which allows an increase in F- content in the groundwater. In addition, the replacement of hydroxyl of secondary clay mineral under alkaline condition is responsible for release of F-. In absence of alternative source, the fluoride polluted groundwater in some of these localities is also used for drinking. Further, the suitability of groundwater for irrigation is also evaluated by various parameters such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Kelly's Ratio (KR), Magnesium Hazard (MH) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC). It emerges out that in a few localities, groundwater is not suitable for irrigation and with respect to Magnesium Hazard (MH) almost all samples are unsuitable for irrigation. This article highlights groundwater quality of Siwani block in Haryana and proposes for immediate remedial measures.
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| 3. |
- Annaduzzaman, Md, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic and manganese in shallow tubewells : validation of platform color as a screening tool in Bangladesh
- 2018
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-801X. ; 6, s. 181-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to evaluate the potential of handpump tubewell platform color as a low-cost, quick and convenient screening tool for As and Mn in drinking water tubewells. For this study, groundwater samples and corresponding tubewell platform pictures were collected from 272 shallow tubewells in Matlab Upazila of South-Eastern Bangladesh. The result shows that arsenic concentration within the surveyed (n = 272) tubewells, 99% (n = 269) exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value of 10 µg/L, and 98% (n = 267) exceeded the Bangladesh drinking water standards (BDWS) of 50 µg/L. In relation to the platform color concept, within 233 (total 272) red colored platform tubewells, 230 (99%) exceeded the WHO guideline value of 10 µg/L, and 229 (98%) tubewells exceeded BDWS of 50 µg/L. This result shows a strong correlation between the development of red color stain on tubewell platform and As concentrations in the corresponding tubewell water. This study suggests that red-colored platform can be used for primary identification of tubewells with an elevated level of As and thus could prioritize sustainable As mitigation management in developing countries where water comes from reductive shallow aquifers. This study did not confirm the potential for Mn screening, as red discoloration by Fe oxides was found to mask the black discoloration of Mn oxides. It is recommended to further investigate this screening tool in regions with a higher well-to-well variability of As contaminations, as in the presented study As was found >10ug/L in 99% of the tubewells.
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| 4. |
- Kumar, M., et al.
(författare)
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Contaminant transport and fate in freshwater systems – Integrating the fields of geochemistry, geomorphology and nanotechnology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2352-801X. ; 7, s. 336-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This special issue of the Groundwater for Sustainable Development “Contaminant Transport and Fate in Freshwater Systems – Integrating the fields of geochemistry, geomorphology and nanotechnology” provides an update of the current knowledge on the sources, pathways, and movement of anthropogenic and geogenic contaminants in the environment, the holistic interactions between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, and the avant-garde technologies as innovative strategies for environmental management. We aims to provide a future platform for interaction and collaborative efforts between different workers in the scientific field. As this issue highlights the three keywords: hydro-geochemistry, geomorphology and nanotechnology; therefore, it will facilitate a unique amalgamation of pure as well as applied scientific ideas. Therefore, this combined effort will be much more beneficial and will lead to great developments in the near future. This will result in a better understanding of the background processes and the factors controlling the contamination process and therefore contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable technologies and management options. This issue also has the broader purposes to influence the policymakers which in turn may lead to greater investments and research grants in the fields covered by the said volume, which can ultimately lead to more quality research in these fields.
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| 5. |
- Kumar, M., et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater evolution and its utility in upper Ganges-Yamuna Alluvial plain of Northern India, India : Evidence from solute chemistry and stable isotopes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 7, s. 400-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study was focused on the characterization of recharge, weathering processes and to check the aptness of groundwater for household and agriculture utility in the Chhaprola industrial area located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Groundwater samples (n = 33) were analyzed for major cations and anions from which (n = 22) were analyzed for stable isotopic records (δ2H and δ18O). Solute chemistry revealed neutral to moderately basic nature (pH ranged 6.4–8.8) and showed a higher (ranged 552–3130 µS/cm) of electrical conductivity. Isotopic signals ranged from − 8.7 to − 3.3‰ for δ18O and − 60.1 to − 37‰ for δ2H. Bivariate plot of stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) showed that majority of the samples fell below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and local meteoric water line (LMWL) of New Delhi, indicating enrichment of heavier isotopes in the aquifers, which explain that recharging water, has undergone evaporation before recharging the aquifer. Monsoonal precipitation was observed as the major source of aquifer recharge in the surveyed area. Vertical hydraulic connectivity of the aquifer layers was traced with the help of isotopic record which exhibited a more negative intercept for shallow depth tube well than the middle depth tube well. About 76% of the samples exhibited negative Schoeller index thereby indicated cation-anion exchange reactions while the remaining samples depicted the Base Exchange Reactions. Sodium-normalized Ca versus Na-normalized Mg and HCO3, indicated an equal contribution of silicate and carbonate type weathering on global-average weathering system. About 52% of the groundwater samples fell into the Ca-HCO3 - water type while remaining samples fell into 33% and 15% of Na-HCO3 and Mg-HCO3 type, respectively. Water quality indices (viz. residual sodium carbonate, Kelly index, permeability index, magnesium hazard, and Chloroalkaline indices) revealed unsuitability of the groundwater for drinking and irrigation purpose at few locations.
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| 6. |
- Mainali, Brijesh, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated approach for provision of clean energy and water in rural Bangladesh
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ground Water for Sustainable Development. - New York : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 7, s. 239-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ultimate goal of this paper is to explore ways to upgrade energy and water services in rural areas of Bangladesh while improving resource recovery. The study analyzes the potential of a poly-generation system using locally available biomass resources (cow dung and agriculture residue) for providing cooking energy, electricity, and drinking water to a rural community. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Pani Para village with 52 households to investigate demand patterns and estimate the resource potential and amount of biogasneeded in the poly-generation system. A poly-generation system with 150 m3biogas digester and a 10 kWe generator is required to meet cooking energy, electricity and water demand in the village. Co-digestion of available resources including cow dung and agriculture residues can provide 48,250 m3 biogas/year, which is sufficient to supply electricity and clean drinking water to all households in the village. In addition, around two thirds of the households can use biogas for cooking. The sensitivity analysis shows that if the amount of agriculture residues is increased by 15%, also cooking gas can be provided to all households. The results indicate that such integrated solutions are worth further exploration.
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| 7. |
- Saha, R., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring suitable sites for installing safe drinking water wells in coastal Bangladesh
- 2018
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 7, s. 91-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development, monitoring and management of drinking water resources, especially groundwater, are essential for sustainable water extraction. The present study aimed to explore suitable locations and depths for installing tubewells for safe drinking water. Tala upazila of Satkhira district, in the coastal area of Bangladesh, was selected as the study area. Groundwater samples were collected from 632 shallow tubewells (STW) and deep tubewells (DTW). In-situ measurements were done for seven important water quality parameters, such as arsenic (As), iron (Fe), electrical conductivity (EC), temperature (T), Total Coliform-TC, E. coli and Faecal Coliform (FC). Weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) was used to calculate the suitability of drinking water collected from tubewells. Experimental value based maps for each parameter were prepared and safe aquifer sites were identified using WQI and geo-statistical as well as geo-spatial analysis. Range of As, Fe and EC were found to be 0–500 µg/L, 0–18 mg/L and 165–8715 µS/cm, respectively and for STW, 88%, 99% and 100% and for DTW, 64%, 71% and 100% exceeded WHO drinking water standards. Comparatively high proportion of STW (TC-41%, E. coli−24% and FC-49%) contained coliform bacteria than DTW (TC-23%, E. coli−15% and FC-28%). Only small proportional areas, such as 24 km2 for As, 27 km2 for Fe, 113 km2 for TC, 132 km2 for E. coli and 102 km2 for FC were found safe in DTW. Multiple patches of safe aquifer were identified at greater depths in the northern, north-central, central and south-western part of the study area. According to WQI, overall 39 km2 area (12% of total area) was explored as suitable sites for installing tubewells where good to excellent quality water could be found in greater depth aquifers. The findings will help policy makers, practitioners and local communities to find out the suitable locations and depths for installation of tubewells in the study area for extracting safe drinking water.
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