| 1. |
- Fellman, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Visuospatial and Verbal Working Memory by Individual Differences in E-Learning Activities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2504-284X. ; 5, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- E-learning is being considered as a widely recognized option to traditional learning environments, allowing for highly tailor-made adaptive learning paths with the goal to maximize learning outcomes. However, for being able to create personalized e-learning systems, it is important to identify relevant student prerequisites that are related learning success. One aspect crucial for all kind of learning that is relatively unstudied in relation to e-learning is working memory (WM), conceptualized as the ability to maintain and manipulate incoming information before it decays. The aim of the present study was to examine how individual differences in online activities is related to visuospatial- and verbal WM performance. Our sample consisted of 98 participants studying on an e-learning platform. We extracted 18 relevant features of online activities tapping on Quiz accuracy, Study activity, Within-session activity, and Repetitive behavior. Using best subset multiple regression analyses, the results showed that individual differences in online activities significantly predicted verbal WM performance (p < 0.001, R2Adjusted = 0.166), but not visuospatial WM performance (p = 0.058, R2Adjusted= 0.065). The obtained results contribute to the existing research of WM in e-learning environments, and further suggest that individual differences in verbal WM performance can be predicted by how students interact on e-learning platforms.
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| 2. |
- Gabarró-López, Sílvia, et al.
(författare)
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Conveying environmental information to deafblind people : a study of tactile sign language interpreting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2504-284X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many deafblind people use tactile sign language and interpreters in their daily lives. Because of their hearing and sight status, the role of interpreters does not only involve translating the content expressed by other deaf or hearing people, but it also involves conveying environmental information (i.e., multimodal communication regarding what is happening at a given moment to be able to understand the context). This paper aims to contribute to the field of tactile sign language interpreting by describing how two Tactile Swedish Sign Language interpreters convey environmental information to two deafblind women in a particular situation, that is, a guided visit to a cathedral by a hearing Norwegian speaker. We expect to find various strategies including the use of haptic signs (i.e., a system of signs articulated on the body of the deafblind person aimed to provide environmental and interactional information). After summarizing the small amount of existing research on the issue to date, we present our data and how they were annotated. Our analysis shows that a variety of strategies are used, including Tactile Swedish Sign Language, using locative points to show locations with some type of contact with the body of deafblind individuals, depicting shapes on the palm of the hand of deafblind individuals, using objects to depict shapes, touching elements of the cathedral with the hands or with the feet such as surfaces, and walking around. Some of these strategies are more frequent than others and some strategies are also used in combination, whereas others are used in isolation. We did not observe any use of haptic signs to convey environmental information in our data, which calls for further research on which criteria apply to use this strategy in a particular situation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ritoša, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing school engagement : Adaptation and validation of “Engagement Versus Disaffection With Learning: Teacher Report” in the Swedish educational context
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2504-284X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To follow the trajectories of children's engagement in learning, validated measures of engagement appropriate for different ages and educational contexts are needed. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the school engagement questionnaire (Engagement Versus Disaffection with Learning: Teacher Report, EDL) in the Swedish educational context, and to investigate if it assesses the same construct as a measure of engagement used for children of preschool age. After translating the questionnaire to Swedish, cognitive interviews were conducted with six teachers to check for interpretability and relevance of the items. For psychometric validation, teachers of 110 6 to 7-year-old children filled out EDL on two occasions two weeks apart. On the first occasion, they also filled out the Child Engagement Questionnaire, a measure of global engagement intended for children of preschool age. Dimensional structure, convergent validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of EDL were investigated. Factor analysis provided support for differentiating between behavioral and emotional components of school engagement. Measures of school and preschool engagement used in this study correlated highly, which provides support for using them to study the engagement of children as they develop, and their educational contexts change. The subscales of behavioral and emotional engagement showed good test-retest reliability and internal consistency.
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| 5. |
- Strömbäck Hjärne, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Group Differences in the Value of Subscores : A Fairness Issue
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2504-284X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to study fairness in testing by analyzing the quality of subscores for different groups of test takers. This is done by studying the value added ratio (VAR) for all subscores in the test, which here is a Swedish college admission test. Comparisons were made between test takers who take the regular test and test takers who are taking the test with extended time adaptation, as well as between males and females. Significant group differences in such subscore value would raise questions about fairness for that testing program. In particular, differences in subscore value between subgroups based on accommodations could indicate problems with the appropriateness of the accommodation. We found that the value added ratio (VAR) for all subscores in the studied test were slightly larger for males than for females. There were some differences between subgroups with respect to the extended time accommodation, but they were not systematic in the same way as for males and females. While the differences in the subscores' added value were small in general, they may in some instances be large enough to pose a threat to a valid and fair interpretation and use of test scores, and thus raises questions about fairness.
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| 6. |
- Wahlqvist, Moa, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Health-Related Quality of Life, Family Climate and Sense of Coherence of Families in Which a Parent Has Deafblindness
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers. - 2504-284X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The consequences of living with deafblindness can be vast and have been described as concerning difficulties with communication, restrictions in the activities of daily living and a lack of independence. Deafblindness has also been associated with poor health-related quality of life. Little is known about parenting when having deafblindness or how the health and family climate of families in which a parent has deafblindness are affected. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the health-related quality of life, sense of coherence and family climate in families where a parent has a deafblindness.Methods: A total of 38 individuals, of which 14 were parents with deafblindness and 6 were partners to the parent with deafblindness, and 18 children, were included. The participants answered questionnaires about their health-related quality of life, family climate and sense of coherence (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness). The Swedish age-relevant versions of the questionnaires were used. Due to the small number of participants, descriptive statistics were used to explore the results from the questionnaires.Results: The results revealed a pattern indicating that the health-related quality of life was affected, parents with deafblindness reported the poorest health-related quality of life. Sense of coherence was reported by all the family members as either moderate or low. The Family climate questionnaire revealed the positive aspect of closeness across family members, however negative aspects of chaos and expressiveness in the families were reported, mainly by, but not restricted to, the parents with deafblindness.Discussion: This study includes a small sample, too small to draw far-reaching conclusions. However, some interesting results need to be highlighted and discussed. When considering the family as a system, it is reasonable to assume that the family members contribute in different ways to how health and wellbeing is experienced in the family. Deafblindness is a unique disability that affects not only the individual but also the whole family. This fact needs to be considered when support is offered to individuals with deafblindness. All members of families where a parent has deafblindness have to be asked about their needs and about how they experience the situation.
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